Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly becoming one of the main health issues among humans in the 21 st century. The increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes has been observed as a global public health problem in children and adolescents. This work was conducted aimed to estimate the prevalence of type I diabetes and to describe some related characteristics of cases in a sample of adolescent primary and secondary school girls of Riyadh city, KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the academic year 2016-2017. Data were collected via a predesigned and pretested questionnaire to gather the relevant data. The total number of participants was 154 adolescent girls. Results: The overall prevalence of type I diabetes among the studied adolescent girls was 5.2% with Mean(±SD) age was 14.08 (± 3.4). All diabetic girls were Saudi. Only 25% of the cases were using a hormonal contraception. No smoking history or other chronic diseases was detected among them. Conclusion: The present study establishes the prevalence of type 1 DM among Saudi adolescent girls to be 5.2%. We suggest repeating this study periodically, with concentration on the various possible etiological and risk factors. Also we recommend conducting similar studies in other areas of Saudi Arabia to get more information about Diabetes. Awareness campaigns and continuous medical education is of utmost importance to detect the disease to guard against development of complications.
Reports showed that children usually complained of acute abdominal pain, which indicated the presence of severe underlying conditions and can have significant clinical importance. Serious challenges have been reported in healthcare settings where an urgent evaluation of the cases was necessary to adequately manage the patient before developing serious complications that might even end up with death. Some of these conditions included intussusception, appendicitis, volvulus and adhesions. Although estimates indicated that only around 1% of pediatric patients with acute abdominal pain usually required surgical intervention, concerns regarding the overlooking and misdiagnosis of significant conditions that might have severe prognostic outcomes were aroused among the different emergency departments. This study reviewed the common causes of acute abdominal pain among children admitted to the emergency department. Our results indicated that various etiologies can develop acute abdominal pain and therefore, establishing an adequate diagnosis by differentiating between the different etiologies should be done by the attending physicians to enhance the outcomes and adequately manage the admitted patients. Gastrointestinal causes of acute abdominal pain were the commonest to cause admissions to the emergency department. However, care should also be provided to the less common conditions, which might include genitourinary and pulmonary disorders and therefore, a thorough examination of children should be provided not to conduct a misdiagnosis of the underlying condition.
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