Aims:The effectiveness of physical activity (PA) programs for prevention of gestational diabetes (GDM) lacks conclusive evidence. The aim of this study was to generate clear evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical activity programs in GDM prevention to guide clinical practice. Methods: PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched to identify the randomized trials (RCTs) published until June 2019. Randomised controlled trials enrolling women at high risk before the 20 th week of gestation comparing the effect of PA interventions with usual care for prevention of GDM were retrieved. Data obtained were synthesised using a bias-adjusted model of meta-analysis. Results: A total of 1467 adult women in 11 eligible trials were included. The risk of GDM was significantly lower with PA, but only when it was delivered in the healthcare facility (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.74). The number needed to treat with PA in pregnancy (compared to usual care) to prevent one GDM event was 18 (95% CI 14 -29). The overall effect of PA interventions regardless of location of the intervention was RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.51 -0.94). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that in-facility physical activity programs started before the 20 th week of gestation can significantly decrease the incidence of GDM among women at high risk.

No abstract

Aims: With the rising number of outcomes being reported following gestational diabetes (GDM), the outcomes in existing studies vary widely making it challenging to compare and contrast the effectiveness of different interventions for GDM. The purpose of this study was to develop a core outcome and measurement set (COS) for GDM treatment trials. Materials & Methods:A Delphi study with structured consultation with stakeholders and discussion within a specialist Gestational Metabolic Group (GEM) were combined with a comprehensive systematic search across different databases

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of fund transfer agencies to liquidity management of KPLC.Methodology: A descriptive case study research design was used. The population for the study included all the 82employees in the KPLC Mombasa Branch. A sample of 57 respondents was selected from the population using a stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was the preferred data collection instrument. The data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics such as mean, mode and median.Results: The study findings showed that there was a gradual decline in the average collection period. This implied an improvement in the average collection period of KPLC Mombasa over the year 2002 to 2010. In addition, the number of fund transfer transaction increased over the study period. This implied that the fund transfer transactions may have impacted on the average collection period. Further, according to this study it was possible to infer that there was a gradual increase in the acid test ratio. This implied an improvement in the acid test ratio of KPLC Mombasa over the year 2002 to 2010. In addition, the number of fund transfer transaction increased over the study period. This implied that the fund transfer transactions may have impacted on the acid test ratio.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that KPLC should engage more fund transfer agents in facilitating bill payments. Specifically, KPLC should engage more banks, Saccos, western unions and mobile operators. This is because such an approach would improve the average collection period and acid test ratio further.The study was purely descriptive; it therefore lacks the statistical rigor that would establish causation between fund transfer agencies and average collection period as well as the acid test ratio. Therefore, the study recommends a regression analysis to establish causation between dependent and independent variables.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the impact of beneficiary involvement and participation in CDF funded projects with specific reference of CDF projects in LAMU Constituency.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive case study research design. The population of the study consisted of 107 projects in Lamu East constituency. This implied that 107 project management committees (PMC) were the target population. The preferred data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by both statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and excel spreadsheet.Results: The study findings indicated that the beneficiaries /community members of Lamu East constituency were not given the opportunity or right to participate in evaluating, Selecting and prioritizing projects.   Overall, there was low beneficiary participation in CDF projects. From the findings, it is possible to conclude that that there is a low awareness of CDF projects in LAMU east constituency. Furthermore, the level of education of project beneficiaries was low. The low level of awareness may have led to the low participation of beneficiaries. To a large extent the level of education had affected the level of participation in CDF funded projects. It was also possible to conclude that the low level of education may have led to the low participation of beneficiaries in CDF projects. Finally, it was possible to conclude that, the low level of beneficiary participation affected CDF project implementation.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:  It was recommended that the project management committees should encourage the participation of beneficiaries in evaluating, selecting and prioritizing projects, determining the location of the projects, follow-up or monitor the project and participation of management of project funds. Furthermore, the Government through the CDF committee should carry out awareness campaigns to sensitize the beneficiaries of their right and obligation to participate in CDF projects.