Objective: Aim was to compare the outcome of conservative management versus open appendicectomy in early presentation of Acute Appendicitis in children during Covid-19 pandemic. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: The Children’s Hospital PIMS. March 2020 to Sep 2020 Methods: This research comprised 80 children of both sexes who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis during the Covid-19 epidemic. Following the collection of written informed consent, complete demographic data, including age, sex, and sickness severity, was collected from all recruited patients. There were two sets of patients, and both were treated similarly. Forty individuals in Group I underwent for open appendicectomy, whereas the same number in Group II underwent conservative treatment (intravenously injection Tanzo, Flagyl, Amikacin). Complications after therapy and antibiotic resistance were analysed and compared between the two groups. All of the data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: There were majority males 47 (58.8%) and 33 (41.2%) females in this study. Mean age of the patients was 9.09±5.29 years. Disease severity was found in 67 (83.8%) cases. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups, the more conservatively treated group had a higher risk of complications. Between the two groups, there was no discernible difference in the average length of hospitalization. Surgery patients had significantly higher white cell counts (WCCs) and Alvarado scores (p=0.010 and p=0.018, respectively) at arrival. We found higher readmission and reoperation during Covid-19 pandemic among both groups. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that severity of acute appendicectomy was higher during pandemic wave of coronavirus. Both conservative and open appendicectomy was effective in terms of minimum complications and decrease hospital say while readmission and reoperation was higher among both groups because of pandemic disease Covid-19. Keywords: Acute Appendicitis, Conservative Management, Open Appendicectomy, Complications, Hospital Stay
The study aims to investigate the effect of gender bender organizational barriers on women career progression in Commercial Banks in Pakistan. The Perceived barriers were gender stereotype, socio-cultural beliefs, organizational structure, family responsibilities and individual characteristics. To serve that purpose, specifically branches of all public and private banks in twin cities i-e Islamabad and Rawalpindi, were selected. Survey research strategy was adopted to collect data from 252 branches of selected sample. Convenience sampling and random sampling techniques were used to select sample of branches. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among the three clusters which are top managers, middle managers and sub-ordinate. Collected data was tested on IBM SPSS by using multiple linear regression, descriptive statistics reliability and correlation analysis. The findings indicate that gender-specific organizational systems negatively affect women career progression in banks of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The theoretical support was provided by gender and feminist theories and Gendered Organizational Structure (GOS) Model” and its three sub-models.
Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is an inexpensive quick and simple method that is used to sample superficial cervical lymph nodes. FNAC is important in the early diagnosis of the cervical lymphadenopathy, and is also helpful in directing the appropriate investigations. Objective: To determine the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of Fine needle aspiration cytology in the workup of cervical lymphadenopathy.Material and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted at the Pathology and ENT Department, Gajju khan Medical College Swabi and Ayub Medical College Abbottabad from January 2015 to December 2015. A total of 100 patients of cervical lymphadenopathy fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. FNAC was performed and the diagnosis was made which was later on compared with histopathological diagnosis. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy was calculatedResults: A total of 100 patients were included with age ranging from 1 to 64 years with a mean age of 35.2 years with majority of patients from 3rd to 6th decade. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FNAC in cervical lymphadenopathy were 87.5%, 98.6%, 95.4% and 96.1% respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 96% (96/100) while the overall discordance score was 4% (4/100) Conclusion: FNAC provides as reliable result as histopathology and is cost effective and less traumatic. Key Words: FNAC, cervical lymphadenopathy, Sensitivity, accuracy
Background: Urothelial carcinoma is the common carcinoma of urothelium. Its incidence is high in developed countries but itsoccurrence is increasing in developing countries like Pakistan with mortality rate of 3.8/100,000 in males and 1/100,000 in females.HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family.Amplification or over-expression ofthis oncogene has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression urothelial carcinoma.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between HER2/NEU expression and grades of urothelial carcinoma bladderMaterial and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study for the period of six months from January to June, 2017conducted at Pathology section Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. After approval from university Ethical board 63 cases wereselected by purposive sampling.The Tissue samples from diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder were included.Cases of urothelial carcinoma from other sites were excluded. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks were cut and sections stained byH&E to evaluate histopathological features and tumor grades. Immunohistochemical expression of HER2 was determinedapplying standard techniques of immunohistochemistry.Results: Out of total 63 cases, 47 were males and 16 were female with a mean age of 60.7 years (range 14-90 years). There were38 High grade, 23 Low grade and 2 cases of PUNLMP. 36 cases were positive for HER2 expression in which 26(72.2%) were Highgrade, 9(25%) of Low grade and 1(2.7%) of PUNLMP. High grade was more common in HER2 positive cases and this relationshipwas significant (p<.05). Among positive 36 cases, 19 cases of +3 score were High grade, 05 in Low grade and 01 in PUNLMP whilescore 2+ was in 07 cases of High grade and 04 were in Low grade. The relationship of HER2 score was not significantly related tograde of tumor (p>.05)Conclusion: HER2 is highly expressed in high grades of urothelial carcinoma bladder and this relationship between HER2expression and tumor grades is statistically significant.Keywords: HER2, Urothelial carcinoma, Grades, Immunohistochemistry
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.