Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan described as an antioxidant molecule that has been found in animal species such as fish. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) represents an eco-friendly source of this compound, since its economical processing generates usable waste, reducing the negative environmental impact. This waste was used for CS extraction, purification, characterization by enzymatic degradation, and evaluation of its antioxidant effect. CS obtained from tilapia presented sulfation mainly at carbon 4 of galactosamine, and it was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 200 mg/mL. Furthermore, 100 mg/mL of CS from tilapia reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species to 47% of the total intracellular reactive oxygen species level. The ability of CS to chelate metal ions in vitro also suggested an ability to react with other pathways that generate oxidative radicals, such as the Haber-Weiss reaction, acting intracellularly in more than one way. Although the role of CS from tilapia remains unclear, the pharmacological effects described herein indicate that CS is a potential molecule for further study of the relationship between the structures and functions of chondroitin sulfates as antioxidants.
Uma das realidades do ensino de bioquímica é o adensamento dos conteúdos e complexidade interdisciplinar, agravada por uma abordagem exclusiva ou excessivamente expositiva. Diante disso, avaliamos aplicação do Ensino Híbrido Gamificado, baseada na sala de aula invertida (SAI), na melhoria da aprendizagem. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no curso de Ciências Biológicas/UFRN e teve uma abordagem qualiquantitativa, com acompanhamento e monitoramento dos alunos através de um processo gamificado, para incentivar o engajamento do aluno. Como resultado, cerca de 84% dos alunos declararam aumento do seu interesse pela disciplina e 94% afirmaram que a aprendizagem foi melhor na SAI, o que pode ser evidenciado pelo impacto positivo nas notas avaliativas. Além disso, observou-se que o método contribui para a aprendizagem colaborativa e para a personalização da aprendizagem. Assim, os resultados fornecem dados para uma ampla reflexão sobre a eficácia desse modelo para o Ensino da Bioquímica.
Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) is one of the most cultivated fish species worldwide. Tilapia farming generates organic waste from fish removal processes in nurseries. Visceral waste can damage natural ecosystems. Therefore, the use of this material as a source of biomolecules helps reduce environmental impacts and improve pharmacological studies. Tilapia viscera were subjected to proteolysis and complexation with an ion-exchange resin. The obtained glycosaminoglycans were purified using ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sephacel). The electrophoretic profile and analysis of 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra allowed for the characterization of the compound as chondroitin sulfate and its sulfation position. This chondroitin was named CST. We tested the ability of CST to reduce leukocyte influx in acute peritonitis models induced by sodium thioglycolate and found a significant reduction in leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity, similar to the polymorphonuclear population of the three tested doses of CST. This study shows, for the first time, the potential of CST obtained from O. niloticus waste as an anti-inflammatory drug, thereby contributing to the expansion of the study of molecules with pharmacological functions.
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