''Urban color'' has gradually become one of the hot topics in the field of urban planning in China, and many cities have done research and developed planning practices. On the basis of the comparisons of those cities, numbers and figures show that most of them locate in the eastern part of China. Through the introduction of the Chinese urban planning system and implementation procedure, the authors indicate the status of the urban color plan and analyze the maneuverability of items on color in related laws and regulations. Next, we discuss the reasons of the distribution character with the examples of urban color plan of Yiyuan and architectural façade rebuilt of Guidu Holiday Inn in Suzhou. Finally, the authors point out that under the present Chinese system, urban color planning is the result of the game between urban planners and architects who come out from the rapid boom of urban construction and economy development.
The present Chinese urban color plan inclined to assume the way of Japanese, which is based on the theory of the Geography of Color founded by Lenclos. However, both my interview in 2004 and my urban color plan in 2006 show that the way of planning from color to color can hardly meet the requirement of the rapidly developing Chinese cities, and the authority should leave more creative space to the designers. Researching the color scheme of Kirchsteigfeld done by Werner Spillmann in 1994 was very enlightening. Findings of other researchers also helped me to set up a systematic planning method. Considering the complexity of color in urban space, the present way of planning simply by color combination is not sufficient. Spatial configuration is the core of color plan, and the authority should emphasize the color pivot and vision rank to encourage creativity in real design. This article discusses the systematic method of color planning when considering Chinese urban plan system, and with typological means.
The roof in ancient Chinese building is sloped roof which plays an important role in chromatic townscape. In earlier time, the colors in roofs were gray. With the development of technique in tiles making, tiles color was becoming colorful.However, the color usage in ancient architecture is regulated by hierarchy and the theory of five colors and five essences. Even there were a lot of colored glaze pieces in construction, only very few colors were used in royal and temple buildings' roof. Those regulations and laws made the characters of roof colors in different zones outstanding and legible.With specific color samples of different dynasties tested on site, and related laws and documentations analysis, as well as the theory of five colors and five essences, this article reports research on the characters of the roof colors in different periods, to draw out the turning points and reasons of roof color changes in crucial periods.
With the continuous progress of urbanization, China's urban color planning has begun to receive attention, but there are still many problems in the quality of color environment. In order to clarify further the urban color positioning of our country, the detailed urban color planning objectives are set up, and the opinions of residents with different attributes are included in the consideration scope of urban color planning objectives, so as to guide the future urban color planning scientifically. From the perspective of urban residents' preference, this article takes Shanghai as an example to analyze the difference of residents' preference for urban color selection with different attributes. In this article, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the results of residents' choice, so as to conclude that the significant factors influencing residents' preference for city color image include age, monthly income, current city of residence, frequency of coming to Shanghai and whether they have been to other countries. Therefore, paying attention to the above significant attributes of residents and carrying out in‐depth research can provide reference value for the status of the city's future color image.
Background There are regional differences in the effect of green space on mortality of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conduct an ecological study, using the administrative divisions of Chongqing townships in China as the basic unit, to investigate the association between COPD mortality and green space based on data of 313,013 COPD deaths in Chongqing from 2012 to 2020. Green space is defined by Fractional vegetation cover (FVC), which is further calculated based on the normalised vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite remote sensing imagery maps. Methods After processing the data, the non-linear relationship between green space and COPD mortality is revealed by generalised additive models; the spatial differences between green space and COPD mortality is described by geographically weighted regression models; and finally, the interpretive power and interaction of each factor on the spatial distribution of COPD mortality is examined by a geographic probe. Results The results show that the FVC local regression coefficients ranged from − 0.0397 to 0.0478, 63.0% of the regions in Chongqing have a positive correlation between green space and COPD mortality while 37.0% of the regions mainly in the northeast and west have a negative correlation. The interpretive power of the FVC factor on the spatial distribution of COPD mortality is 0.08. Conclusions Green space may be a potential risk factor for increased COPD mortality in some regions of Chongqing. This study is the first to reveal the relationship between COPD mortality and green space in Chongqing at the township scale, providing a basis for public health policy formulation in Chongqing.
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