Abstract. Sidi MB, Wasli ME, Polly E, Jaffar ANNM, Kalu M, Sani H, Nahrawi H, Elias H, Omar D. 2021. Short Communication: Incidence of insect pest on planted Shorea macrophylla at reforestation sites in Gunung Apeng National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 5162-5168. Incidence of insect pest in Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P.S. Ashton had critical foliage damage in mono planting technique. The main objectives were to assess the foliage damage intensity of planted S. macrophylla by age stands and type of foliage damage. The insect pest attacks the foliage of S. macrophylla was determined. The study site was located at Gunung Apeng National Park (GANP), Sarawak, Malaysia, with planted S. macrophylla in enrichment planting at different years (planted in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 for age stand 6, 5, 4, and 3, respectively). The results showed that the degree of foliage damage decreases with the age stand of S. macrophylla tree. Therefore, foliage damage was suspected to be caused by insect pests. Among the common foliage damages observed was "hole damage" caused by insect order Lepidoptera. Although foliage damage was significant, the severity of the damage will "heal" as the age stand increases. Further investigation on other possible causes of these pest attacks should be initiated to find solutions that may hasten the growth of planted S. macrophylla for forest restoration.
A study was conducted in riparian forest along Kayan Ulu River, Sarawak, Malaysia, to investigate the effects of soil compaction and relative light intensity (RLI) on survival and growth performance of planted Shorea macrophylla. The study sites were stands reforested in different years (1996: SPD96; 1997: SPD97; 1998: SPD98; 1999: SPD99). The survival, growth performance, soil compaction, and RLI were measured. SPD96 trees had the highest survival (84%) and showed the most favourable growth. Average height, mean annual increment in height, and RLI were highest in SPD97 while mean annual increment in volume was highest in SPD98. Soil compaction in SPD98 and SPD99 was higher as compared to SPD96 and SPD97. This was due to the compacted soils caused by anthropogenic activities and natural causes (wet soils) in riparian forest along Kayan Ulu River at shallow depth. High survival and favourable growth performance of S. macrophylla were influenced by the edaphic factor with special reference to less compacted soils and high RLI. Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated significant effects of soil penetration resistance at the depth of 0-30 cm and RLI on mean annual increment in diameter. Further ecological studies on other environmental factors should be implemented to draw up a Dipterocarp planting scheme for the future restoration of riparian ecosystem.
In-situ soil assessment such as field soil compaction can often be a helpful approach in help determining soil suitability for certain crops. In this study, an assessment was conducted to characterize the Soil Penetration Resistance (SPR) in planted sago palm (Metroxylon spp.) plantation at different growth of rosette and trunking stages under mineral soils ecosystem. SPR in-situ assessment would provide a beneficial guideline and site indicator in determining land suitability before establishing sago plantations, especially on mineral soils. The study was conducted in Mukah, Sarawak, with two study sites at Oya and Talau. The growth stage of sago palm at Oya and Talau site were at the rosette and trunking stage, respectively. The soil types at both study sites consisted of Gley soils (clayey) with significant mineral development at the subsoil horizon. SPR measurements were taken using a Hasegawa-type cone penetrometer. Soil compaction in SSSED Oya was more compact than Talau river research station from shallow depth to subsurface soils. SPR at SSSED Oya ranged between 7.5 to 46.8 J cm-1, while Talau river research station ranged between 1.9 J cm -1 to 11.1 J cm -1 . Although there was a significant difference between the growth stage of 0-20 cm and 80-100 cm soils depths, both SSSED Oya and Talau river research station are considered suitable areas for sago palm plantations. Using a practical and convenient approach in assessing soil suitability for sago cultivation, SPR assessment to identify potential areas for the establishment of sago cultivation area can be the fundamental tools for landowners in preparing their land for future cultivation.
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