Objectives Kashgar prefecture is an important transportation and trade hub with a high incidence of tuberculosis. The following study analyzed the composition and differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) lineage and specific tags to distinguish the lineage of the M.tb in Kashgar prefecture, thus providing a basis for the classification and diagnosis of tuberculosis in this area. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 161 M.tb clinical strains was performed. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and verified through principal component analysis (PCA). The composition structure of M.tb in different regions was analyzed by combining geographic information. Results M.tb clinical strains were composed of lineage 2 (73/161, 45.34%), lineage 3 (52/161, 32.30%) and lineage 4 (36/161, 22.36%). Moreover, the 3 lineages were subdivided into 11 sublineages, among which lineage 2 included lineage 2.2.2/Asia Ancestral 1 (9/73, 12.33%), lineage 2.2.1-Asia Ancestral 2 (9/73, 12.33%), lineage 2.2.1-Asia Ancestral 3 (18/73, 24.66%), and lineage 2.2.1-Modern Beijing (39/73, 53.42%). Lineage 3 included lineage 3.2 (14/52, 26.92%) and lineage 3.3 (38/52, 73.08%), while lineage 4 included lineage 4.1 (3/36, 8.33%), lineage 4.2 (2/36, 5.66%), lineage 4.4.2 (1/36, 2.78%), lineage 4.5 (28/36, 77.78%) and lineage 4.8 (2/36, 5.66%), all of which were consistent with the PCA results. One hundred thirty-six markers were proposed for discriminating known circulating strains. Reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree using the 136 SNPs resulted in a tree with the same number of delineated clades. Based on geographical location analysis, the composition of Lineage 2 in Kashgar prefecture (45.34%) was lower compared to other regions in China (54.35%-90.27%), while the composition of Lineage 3 (32.30%) was much higher than in other regions of China (0.92%-2.01%), but lower compared to the bordering Pakistan (70.40%). Conclusion Three lineages were identified in M.tb clinical strains from Kashgar prefecture, with 136 branch-specific SNP. Kashgar borders with countries that have a high incidence of tuberculosis, such as Pakistan and India, which results in a large difference between the M.tb lineage and sublineage distribution in this region and other provinces of China.
Background: China ranks second in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), and the virulence and infectivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in different lineages are different. The variation of virulence genes in the M.tb regions of difference (RD) may be the reason for differences in pathogenicity. Studying the relationship between virulence gene mutations in the RD region of clinical strains of M.tb and TB relapse can provide basic data for the study of TB prevention and control.Methods: A total of 155 M.tb clinical strains were collected in Kashgar Prefecture. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted, and mutations in virulence genes in the M.tb RD region were analyzed.The maximum likelihood method was implemented using IQ-TREE software. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lineage, RD region virulence gene variation, and patient relapse. Results:The 155 strains of M.tb in Kashgar Prefecture belong to 3 M.tb lineages: L2 (45.80%), L3 (32.90%), and L4 (21.30%). In relapsed patients, L2 (70.83%, 17/24) was significantly higher than the other lineages (29.17%, 7/24; P<0.05). Relapse was significantly correlated with L2 [odds ratio (OR) =3.505; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.341-9.158; P=0.011]. In the virulence genes of the RD region, g.4357804
BACKGROUND: The study aims to investigate the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes among the elderly. METHODS: Data from cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of PTSD after earthquakes among the elderly were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure in December 2019. The search terms included post-traumatic stress disorder, earthquake, and elderly. This study used Review Manager 5.0 to evaluate the impact of the results. In addition, forest plots, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis were carried out on the included articles. The combined estimate of the risk ratio and the standard deviation of the 95% confi dence interval (95% CI) were measurements of the size of the eff ect. RESULTS: There were 4,834 patients included from 10 eligible studies. The sample sizes of PTSD group and non-PTSD group were 1,277 and 3,557, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that the overall occurrence of PTSD after earthquakes among the elderly was 0.25; the occurrence in females was higher than that in males, and the occurrence in the same province indicated little diff erence (Wenchuan city 0.25 and Ya'an city 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: After earthquakes, the occurrence of PTSD is higher among the elderly than among other age groups, and higher among the females than among the males, while there is little difference among different areas within the same province. This indicated that prioritized specific psychological interventions should be provided to the aged and the females.
Contributions to this study:post doctorate,Responsible for the 34 establishment, detection, analysis and quality control of the database of intestinal 35 flora structure and gene polymorphism) 36 37 Cuifeng Zhu, Jianguo Liu and Yong Pan contributed equally to this work. Author 38 order was determined on the basis of seniority. ( CuiFeng Zhu, Department 39 director of Dept of Clinical Nutrition, chief physician, master tutor of Shenzhen 40 hospital of southern medical university. Post doctor fellows of Dept of 41 endocrinology of university of Hong Kong & The State Key laboratory of 42 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. E-mail :1794371266@qq.com(Contributions to 43 this study: chief physician of Nutrition department and post doctorate, responsible 44 for the design and implementation of this project, data collation and paper 45 writing); JianGuo Liu, Associate chief physician, Department director of Dept 46 of Health management of Shenzhen hospital of southern medical University. E-47 3 / 25 mail : JgLiu123@163.com(Contribution to this study: general practitioner at 48 health management center, responsible for case collection and data collation); , 13570469574 66 (Contribution to this study:Nutrition department attending physician, in 67 charge of the medical history of selected patients, menstrual history, life history 68 and other data survey) 69 4 / 25 Abstract 120 Background: Gut microbiota, mainly characterized by fecal bacterial 121 compositions, affects human immune system and pathophysiological 122 development. Our aim was to measure the quantitative differences of 123 fecal bacterial compositions between osteoporotic patients and healthy 124 subjects, and to identify novel bacterial taxa that speculate the 125 incidence of osteoporosis in female. 126 127 Method: We recruited 104 female subjects, including 45 osteoporotic 128 individuals and 59 healthy control. Fecal samples were collected for 129 further analysis by 16S rRNA quantitative arrays and bioinformatics 130 analysis. 131 132 Results: Analyses of α-and β-diversity demonstrated that the diversity 133 and composition of fecal bacterial compositions were both significant 134 different in osteoporosis group, as compared with healthy group. 135 Multiple bacterial genera were significantly increased (e.g., Roseburia 136 and Bacteroides) or decreased (e.g., Streptococcus and Dorea) in the 137 osteoporotic cases. Furthermore, the osteoporosiscould be efficiently 138
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