Objectives: To compare the apical sealing ability of four endodontic sealers based on glucose penetration method and validate the uses of contralateral teeth to provide a well-balanced experimental group. Materials and methods:One-hundred-and-twenty (sixty pair) extracted contralateral lower premolars were selected and undergonestrict radiographic protocol. Root canal anatomy of each pair contralateral teeth was matched buccolingually and mesiodistally according to inclusion criteria (single canal, mature apical foramen, canal type, canal width, length, and curvature). Matched-pair contralateral teeth were then reevaluated using CBCT and divided into right and left sides (n=60, each side).Next, all canals were instrumented up to size 30, taper 0.06. Subsequently, teeth were subdivided into five groups for each sideand obturated with single cone gutta-percha (GP) and various sealers: Group 1 -GP only (control); Group 2 -EndoRez; Group 3 -Sealapex; Group 4 -EndoSeal MTA and Group 5 -BioRoot RCS. All samples were placed in an incubator at 37C, 100% humidity for 72 hours. Four matched-pair teeth from each group were then subjected to thermocycling for 100 cycles, 1000 cycles and 10000 cycles, respectively. After that, they were decoronated, coated with three layers of nail varnish, and used for glucose penetration test. The concentrations of glucose (mmol/L) were measured after 24 hours. Data analyzed using One-way ANOVA complemented by post hoc Dunnett T3 Test and Paired sample T-Test.Results: EndoSeal MTA demonstrated statistically significant (p<0.05) lowest glucose penetration followed by BioRoot RCS, Sealapex, EndoRez, and lastly control group. Apical sealing ability decreased as the number of thermocycles increased. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between matched-pair contralateral teeth.Conclusions: Bioceramic sealers demonstrated better sealing abilitythan resin and calcium hydroxide sealers. Using matched-pair contralateral teeth provided a wellbalanced experimental group.
Introduction: Recently, various modes of fluoride varnishes have evolved, each with its own recommended concentration, potentially active ingredients, and flavour, leading to a claim of additional preventive benefits. Differences in fluoride release patterns can potentially enhance or reduce the efficacy of fluoride varnishes. Numerous clinical trials have proven its ability in preventing and arresting dental caries. This study mainly focused on the investigations of the apatite demineralisation process under the effect of different fluoride varnishes by ion-selective electrodes (ISE), in an attempt to comprehend their mechanism in anti-caries. Methods: Four different fluoride varnishes (Fluor Protector S, Duraphat, ClinPro White, MI Varnish) were used to measure their effect on the demineralisation process of the hydroxyapatite (HAP) discs in 60ml pH 4.0 acetic solutions. The HAP discs were treated with these varnishes after 4-hours demineralisation and then immersed back into the same solutions for further demineralisation to observe the effect of the varnishes. Throughout the experiment, the calcium ISE was used to monitor the rate of calcium concentration. Results: The result demonstrated that ClinPro White varnish resulted in the most significant inhibition of demineralisation and signs of probable remineralisation throughout the experiment. Other fluoride varnishes treatment showed the ability to inhibit demineralisation. However, the rate of calcium dissolution was not significantly different from different varnishes. The fact that the ClinPro White showed evidence of remineralisation might be associated with the fact that the varnish contained a source of calcium and phosphate. Conclusion: The fluoride varnishes treatment is shown to be effective in inhibiting the demineralisation of apatite regardless of the difference in fluoride concentration and potentially active ingredients incorporated in some of the fluoride varnishes.
Introduction. Hall’s technique preformed metal crown (HTPMC) has been used widely by pediatric dentists in developed countries as a new approach for managing decayed primary molars without local anesthesia, caries removal, and tooth preparation. Currently, inadequate information is available regarding the implementation of this technique (HTPMC) in Malaysia. This study is aimed at evaluating the implementation of HTPMC by Malaysia’s pediatric dentists and identify the co-occurrence frequencies of the HTPMC implementation with the respondents’ demographic profile. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based research was conducted among 65 pediatric dentists in Malaysia. Online questionnaires were distributed to the pediatric dentists employed at public hospitals (MOH) and universities in Malaysia. Result. It was found that over half of the respondents (65.6%) employed HTPMC. The analysis of the co-occurrence network frequency revealed that a high frequency of female pediatric dentists who were within the age group of 31-40 years old had fulfilled their postgraduation overseas and was employed in the university mainly applied HTPMC. Conclusion. The application of HTPMC among respondent pediatric dentists in Malaysia was high. However, most respondents considered HTPMC a treatment option only to manage carious primary molar rather than a treatment of choice.
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