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A low cost scalable spacer technology is required for the commercial development of medium and high voltage FED products. Various techniques can be used to shape glass into high aspect ratio spacers. In this paper, we will describe and interpret the short term effects associated with charging under electron bombardment, as well as the long term reliability effects such as flashover and image degradation, under 5 V / micron anode fields.

Gradient index coatings, or rugate filters, may be of interest to achieve more easily optical properties such as "notch" filters that are difficult to reach with classical multilayers. Rugate coatings have been fabricated using a new evaporation system. This system uses two coupled masking devices to control the rate of two sources kept at constant temperatures. Two couples of materials were studied and sine wave index profile rugate filters were fabricated.