This research study was defined the infestation of mango by seasonality occurrence range of Bactrocera dorsalis in three different mango cultivars in sindh province of Pakistan during 2013-2014. Experiment was conducted on major three varieties of mango Chunsa, Sindhri, Beganpali, Data were noted on calculating in good physical shape and pest-ridden mango fruit; casually collected from major mango growing areas of sindh. Rearing the fruit flies under controlled conditions in Laboratory. Collected the reared fruit flies from different cultivars and calculate the infestation. The highest infestation was found on Beganpali and Sindhri variety 85%, followed by Chunsa 80% during June, July and August, respectively, during peak of functional time of ripening of varieties, while same as both years the least infestation was found on Beganpali variety during the June and July, because it is late variety during early months of season it is in immature form so because of that it is less infested, during whole season of mango the infestation was significantly different (F 54.05, df 52, p<0.5). The highest number of flies emergence were found from Beganpali (60.9%) followed by Sindhri variety (43.2%), while least No.of emergence found 6% from Sindhri variety (6%) during September. Ratio of fruit flies like B. dorsalis 54.7%, from Beganpali, followed by Sindhri variety 41.6% (F 53.24; dF 51, 108; p=0.29) during mean functional time of season. While less no. of B. dorsalis were 3% in September. The fecundity and fertility results were in significant in all varieties. The occurrence of B. dorsalis in whole season 94% which shows the seasonality range of oriental fruit fly and major host mango. The highest survival 89.64% was found on Chunsa followed by Sindhri 87.17 and Beganpali 70.36%, these result clearly indicate the range of B. dorsalis in all cultivars of mango which is significantly different (p<0.005).The adult occurrence during whole mango season shows the linear-correlation between interval of time of host and pest occurrence, The overtone between mango fruit and oriental fruit fly was strongly associated [R2 = 79.9%, P = 0.000]. Linking between host mango and B. dorsalis showed durable maintenance for the host-pest guess (HPH) with inclusive co-efficient of determination [75.4%, P = 0.000]. It was determined that the incidence of oriental fruit fly or other Bactrocera species was recorded in all the three cultivars throughout their fruity mango season; it was considered as life-threatening for management host fruit.Novelty Statement | This study makes it abundantly evident how the host fruit (mango), which is alarmingly vulnerable to fruit flies due to its seasonality, is the next fruit variety. However, as mango season comes to a close, some populations of Bactrocera species rapidly decline since there is a lack of host food and they are attempting to oviposit.
Seasonal variation in abundance and diversity of carabid fauna was studied in eight different localities of coastal areas of Sindh during august 2018-July 2019. Individuals were trapped using soil traps and light traps. A total 1303 ground beetles of 4 subfamilies 8 genera 12 species. The individuals of subfamily Harpalini were higher 508 followed by Carabinae 462 while least number of subfamily Brachinae 130 followed by Lebinae with 157 was recorded. Among these three most abundant species, Calosoma aurapunctuatum, Calosoma scyophantum and anthia Sexuamatta and least abundant Mecyclothorax cordicolis were recorded. The abundance of Carabidofauna differed with seasonal fluctuations. The highest population was recorded in summer season followed by spring, whereas least abundance was observed in winter. Monthly population dynamics showed that Carabid beetles were highest in number in the months of June, July followed by August and September while least population was recorded in February followed by January and December. The maximum average population size and Simpson reciprocal index was found at Sujawal (29.7%) and Thatta (9.74) respectively, and lowest both average population size and Simpson reciprocal diversity index for Karachi locality (11.4%) and (5.73). Pearson Correlation coefficient (r) analysis showed strong positive and significant relationship of carabid beetles abundance with humidity, temperature and rainfall, (r= 0.65, p=0.02), (r=.810, p=.0001) and (r=0.65, p=0.02) respectively. Locality wise average population size, evenness and diversity indexes were calculated, and highest population was recorded in concern with high relative humidity and temperature in the locality.
| The Bactrocera species which belong family Tephritidae commonly called as fruit flies, according to inhabitants they live in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The fruit flies are the pest of several economical important fruits of world. The Bactrocera dorsalis (handle) complex fruit fly according to morphology, physiology and genetically. It is very serious pest of many fruits in the overall world; such as guava, apricots, Sapodillas etc. this species is voracious for the mango in whole world mostly; means the favorable host of delicious mango. During current study observe the ecological margins and its habitats, host effects on the occurrence of this decisive pest. This study was steered in district Naushahro feroze of Sindh Pakistan during mango season of 2014-2015. Actually, this district is well known according to citreous fruity land Pakistan where lot of citreous fruits cultivated. The selected 2 hectors orchards per of mango field in per-taluka (five talukas) with different varieties of mango; 10 traps and lures were hanged in (2 hector) trees. Volatile chemical (Methyl eugenol) in plastic traps by cotton water-logged. Weekly traps were checked and changed almost we find out 10-12 replications of flies. According to statically examination we have got results 98.6% Bactrocera dorsalis flies caches in lures and traps, maximum number of flies cached during July (8285, 11693, respectively) at the peak mango season while minimum number of flies caches during month of September (959, 1100, respectively) during successive season of mango in 2014-2015. The mean value of Bactrocera species were found with figure of 207.1. Total fruit flies significant values (f = 41.36, p<0.05) with total mean population of fruit flies (15.62±137.4) in different talukas during two seasons of mango. The climatic parameter shows the relationship with occurrence of Bactrocera dorsalis species with mostly positive impact, temperature (r=0.66, r= 0.77 respectively), rainfall (r = -0. 45, r= 0.82 respectively), Humidity (r=-0.37, r = -0.024, respectively) and wind velocity (r=-0.62, r= -0.419, respectively). Current status of fruit flies shows that all the factors of ecology, directly are indirectly impact on the progress physically and reproductively enhance the growth of Bactrocera dorsalis. These ecological correlations play key role in development of pest.
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