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Introduction: Based on the literature, unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (a-tDCSUHCDS) of primary Motor cortex (M1) and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) would be more efficient than conventional a-tDCS of M1 to induce larger and longer-lasting M1 corticospinal excitability. The main objective of the present study was to compare the effects of a-tDCSUHCDS and conventional M1 a-tDCS on the extent and durability of the motor sequence acquisition in healthy individuals. Methods: In this randomized sham-controlled study, healthy volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: experimental (a-tDCSUHCDS), control (M1 a-tDCS), and sham stimulation groups. The participants practiced serial response time task over three consecutive days when they simultaneously received a-tDCS. Using the skill measure, we assessed motor learning up to 4 weeks after the completion of experimental conditions. Results: Data analysis revealed that all groups exhibited the improved trend over the training course (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in skill acquisition among groups at post-intervention (P>0.05), while a significant improvement was observed between experimental and sham group at the retention time (P<0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences between the control and two other groups with regard to the retention time (P>0.05). Conclusion: These results revealed a significant increase in the skill acquisition by a-tDCSUHCDS technique with regard to retention issue, which could be a valuable finding in neuro-rehabilitation field.

BackgroundThis study was to evaluate the effect of hamate and scaphoid bone mobilization alongside splinting in women with carpal tunnel syndrome.MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, 40 participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The intervention group received splinting with scaphoid and hamate mobilization, while the control group received splinting only. Outcome variables were pain (based on visual analogue scale), symptom severity and functional status (based on Boston questionnaire), and nerve conduction study measured before and 10 weeks after the treatments.ResultsAt the end of study, both groups showed an improvement in pain and symptom severity, functional status as well as median nerve conduction study. Although there was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding changes in median nerve sensory and motor distal latencies; the improvement was significantly higher in pain and symptom severity as well as functional status in mobilization group (P-Value < 0.05).ConclusionsHamate and scaphoid mobilization can be used as an effective option in women with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. Further investigation is required for determining long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of mobilization in carpal tunnel syndrome.

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