This study developed Fe3O4@cellulose nanocomposites by coprecipitation synthesis for bacteria capture and isolation. By surface modification with cellulose, the Fe3O4@cellulose nanocomposites have 20 nm average particle size and 3.3-24.9 emu/g saturation magnetization.Living bacteria could be captured by the Fe3O4@cellulose nanocomposites and harvested by magnetic field, with high efficiency (95.1%) and stability (>99.99%). By metabolizing cellulose and destroying the Fe3O4@cellulose@bacteria complex, cellulose-decomposing microorganisms lost the magnetism. They were therefore able to be isolated from the inert microbial community and the separation efficiency achieved over 99.2%. This research opened a door to cultivate the uncultivable cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in situ and further characterize their ecological functions in natural environment.Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely applied in biomedical and biological research.Surface modified MNPs are recently used to investigate the microbial behavior and functions in a complex microbiota, but the modification method is not well established for wider range of functional bacteria. This study developed a new surface modification method and synthesized the Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocomposites.The bacterial capture efficiency was above 95.1% and the stability is above 99.99%. More importantly, the Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocomposites successfully isolate the cellulose-decomposing Aeromonasveronii from an artificial microbial community.This work broadens the applicable potential of MNPs in assessing more unknown cellulose-decomposing bacteria in natural environment and their metabolic pathways. Novelty statement Fe3O4@cellulose nanocomposites can be used for the first time to isolate cellulosedecomposing bacteria from complex microbial community. Fe3O4@cellulose achieves high bacteria capture efficiency (>95.1%) and stability (>99.99%). Fe3O4@cellulose successfully isolates cellulose-decomposing Aeromonasveroniiand the separation efficiency is 99.2%.Thanks for the reviewers' comments and editors's suggestion. We have corrected the manuscript by adding Figure S1, 2 and 3 into the main manuscript and correcting the Figure number and caption.Response to Reviewers Magnetic field isolation Raw magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocomposites Acinetobacter baylyi (no cellulose-decomposing capacity) Aeromonas veronii (cellulose-decomposing bacterium) MNPs synthesis Cellulose functionalization Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocomposites Bacteria functionalization Cultivation and cellulose decomposing Graphical Abstract Highlight 1. Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocomposites for cellulose-decomposing bacteria isolation. 2. Bacteria capture efficiency >95.1% and stability >99.99%. 3. Cellulose-decomposing bacteria separation efficiency over 99.2%. 4. Fe 3 O 4 @cellulosecan identify unknown cellulose-decomposingmicrobesin situ. AbstractThis study developed Fe 3 O 4 @cellulose nanocomposites by co-precipitation synthesis for bacteria capture and isolation. B...
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