-One of the promises of the Semantic Web is to support applications that easily and seamlessly deal with heterogeneous data. Most data on the Web, however, is in the Extensible Markup Language (XML) format, but using XML requires applications to understand the format of each data source that they access. To achieve the benefits of the Semantic Web involves transforming XML into the Semantic Web language, OWL (Ontology Web Language), a process that generally has manual or only semi-automatic components. In this paper we present a set of patterns that enable the direct, automatic transformation from XML Schema into OWL allowing the integration of much XML data in the Semantic Web. We focus on an advanced logical representation of XML Schema components and present an implementation, including a comparison with related work.
Abstract-The trends for pushing more operational intelligence towards network elements to achieve more context-aware and self-managing behavior often requires elements to gather network knowledge without necessarily binding explicitly to all of the potential sources of that knowledge. Though event-based publish-subscribe models allow efficient distribution of knowledge where the event types are known globally, dynamic service chains, ad hoc networks and pervasive computing application all introduce a more fluid and heterogeneous range of context knowledge. This requires some runtime translation of knowledge between sources and sinks of network context. This paper builds on existing mapping techniques that use ontological forms of existing management information models to examine the extent to which these can be employed for runtime semantic interoperability for network knowledge. It presents results in developing a management knowledge delivery framework based on existing models and platforms, but which offers a more decentralized knowledge exchange mechanism.
To accommodate the proliferation of heterogeneous network models and protocols, the use of semantic technologies to enable an abstract treatment of networks is proposed. Network adapters are employed to lift network specific data into a semantic representation. Semantic reasoning integrates the disparate network models and protocols into a common data model by making intelligent inferences from low-level network and device details. Automatic discovery of new devices, monitoring of device state, and invocation of device actions in a generic fashion that is agnostic of network types is enabled. A prototype system called SNoMAC is described that employs the proposed approach operating over UPnP, TR-069, and heterogeneous sensors. These sensors are integrated by means of a sensor middleware named SIXTH that augments the capabilities of SNoMAC to allow for intelligent management and configuration of a wide variety of sensor devices. A major benefit of this approach is that the addition of new models, protocols, or sensor types merely involves the development of a new network adapter based on an ontology. Additionally, the semantic representation of the network and associated data allows for a variety of client interfaces to facilitate human input to the management and monitoring of the system.By the year 2021, the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to encompass 3.5 times as many connected devices as there are people on Earth. 1 In addition to the sheer volume of devices, there is the added complexity of dealing with the unchecked proliferation of new network data models and protocols. To deal with these issues, network and active media applications will not only require high performance and scalability but will also need the means for quickly and dynamically evolving to accommodate the changing universe of devices. Doing this effectively necessitates a new approach for integrating network models and protocols that facilitates the intelligent management of devices across layers and at various levels of abstraction. This allows devices to be handled generically as collections while maintaining the specifics necessary to monitor and control them individually. This paper advocates an approach to solving this problem that leverages the benefits afforded by semantic web technologies, combined with the advantages of intelligent middleware. This automates much of the organization and integration of heterogeneous devices and provides a platform upon which a wide variety of applications can be built.Semantic web technologies enable the definition of formal data models called "ontologies" that provide a number of conceptual and computational benefits. This includes data model alignment, heterogeneous data integration, built-in data abstraction mechanisms, automated inferencing, dynamic meta-modeling, and automatic consistency checking. These ontologies form the base upon which semantic tools such as SPARQL, 2 SWRL, 3 and OWL, 4 or a hybrid of these, can make intelligent inferences about both devices themselves and their networ...
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