Abstract:Numerous studies have shown that densely developed and populated urban areas experience significant anthropogenic heat flux and elevated concentrations of air pollutants and CO 2 , with consequences for human health, thermal comfort, and well-being. This may also affect the atmospheric composition and circulation patterns within the urban boundary layer, with consequences for local, regional, and global climate. One of the resulting local implications is the increase in urban air temperature. In this context, the present contribution explores urban fabric development and mitigation strategies for two locations in the city of Vienna, Austria. Toward this end, the potential of specific planning and mitigation strategies regarding urban overheating was assessed using a state-of-the-art CFD-based (computational fluid dynamics) numeric simulation environment. The results display different levels of effectiveness for selected design and mitigation measures under a wide range of boundary conditions.
Part 1: Information & Communication Technology-EurAsia Conference 2014, ICT-EurAsia 2014International audienceThe dynamic variability of weather conditions and complex geometry and semantics of urban domain impose significant constraints on the empirical study of urban microclimate. Thus, numerical modeling is being increasingly deployed to capture the very dynamics of urban microclimate. In this context, the present paper illustrates the basic processes of calibrating and preparing a numerical model for the simulation of the urban microclimate
The study was conducted to investigate thermal adaptation and the impact of individual differences on developing thermal tolerance when the outdoor temperature falls below 10°C. The applicability of the predicted mean vote (PMV) model was investigated, too. The concept of occupant’s ‘Temperament’ was evaluated as a psychological-adaptation factor. Two main hypotheses were: (a) people with different temperaments would experience different thermal sensations and (b) the classic PMV- predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) model is capable of predicting the neutral sensation in heated buildings under cold outdoor temperatures. There was a direct relationship between individual temperament and clothing level as well as thermal sensation. The occupants who were assessed to have cold temperament tend to wear thicker clothes and were more sensitive to variations in indoor air temperature than others. Females with a cold temperament were more than twice as likely to be affected by indoor air temperature as those with a warm temperament. The PMV-PPD model was able to predict the mean neutral temperature in the heated buildings even when the outdoor temperature fell below 10°C. However, when occupants were able to control high indoor temperature, the percentage of true prediction of actual mean votes by the adaptive thermal heat balance model was more than that by the classic PMV model.
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