INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli bacteria are the most common microorganisms of the human and animals' intestine. These bacteria, through horizontal gene transfer from other pathogenic agents, have acquired various virulence genes becoming the causative agents of a wide variety of intestinal or extraintestinal infections in humans [1, 2]. Based on the acquired virulence determinants, the E. coli are divided into pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) and non-diarrheagenic E. coli [3]. The DEC strains is further categorized into enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Vero toxinproducing/Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (VTEC/STEC) including the subgroup enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) [4]. Diarrheal illness is a severe public health problem with high morbidity and mortality especially in infants and young children [5]. Annually, it is estimated that diarrhea cause ≈2.5 million deaths of children worldwide [4, 6] and enteropathogenic E. coli strains are considered as one of the significant cause of deaths in children under five years of age in Iran [7, 8]. Numerous virulence factors such as adhesins, invasins, toxins, and secretion systems are involved in pathogenicity of E. coli [9]. Iron is an essential factor for pathogenicity of E. coli strains in the human body, and these strains must have advanced strategies for acquiring iron from the host to produce disease. One of them is an iron-chelating small
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