Research background and hypothesis. Previous research has proved that children engaged in sports easier integrate into the society and their psychological well-being is much higher, sports activities can help them resist to the harmful influence of their peers and prevent them from engaging into delinquent behavior. However, there still is a lack of a studies providing evidence about factors that determine the expression of compulsion. Hypothesis: The level of self-esteem and self-confidence of adolescent athletes influences the occurrence of bullying and the initiation of it. Research aim was to disclose the relationship between the level of adolescent athletes’ self-esteem, self-confidence and the occurrence of bullying.Research methods. The study applied I. Shostrom’s modified self-esteem scale questionnaire and the adapted Bullying Scale for Schoolchildren. Research results. Results showed a weak correlation between bullying and self-esteem levels (γ = 0.24; p > 0.05). We found a weak adverse relationship between initiating bullying and self-assessment levels (γ = –0.16; p > 0.05), weak adverse correlation between experienced bullying and self-confidence levels (γ = –0.15; p > 0.05) and a weak linear relationship between initiating bullying and self-confidence (γ = 0.20; p > 0.05).Discussion and conclusions. Contrary to what we expected, we observed that athlete adolescents with the high levels of self-esteem suffered from bullying sometimes and often. Research findings suggest that adolescents who tend to initiate bullying demonstrated moderate and low levels of self-esteem. Most of athlete adolescents admitted that that did not initiate bullying or if they did, that was done only occasionally. It was found that adolescents with high and moderate self-confidence levels experienced bullying occasionally or not at all. Some athletes with low self-confidence levels professed that they suffered from bullying more often, and they also admitted that they often initiated bullying themselves. In our research we were unable failed to provide evidence which would prove that sports activities impacted or influenced adolescents’ bullying initiatives or experiences; therefore further research is needed to determine whether self-esteem and other internal personality qualities could affect the expression of bullying among non-athlete adolescents.
Background. Students with emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) represent one of the most challenging groups not only to provide effective educational services, but often present complex challenges for schools, families, and society. There is a lack of information about concrete research-based interventions and practices which could be helpful for delinquent students with EBD to cope with problem behaviour more effectively. The aim of the study was to assess the emotional and behaviour disorders of girls living in socialization centres and to review intervention strategies for changing behaviour through physical activity. Methods. The study was conducted in two Children Socialization Centres where 50 girls aged 12 – 18 are housed following the decision of Child Welfare Commission. Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), a Self-Report Personality Scale was used to find out emotional and behavioural disorders of girls. Results. Analysis of our study results reveals that the girls with delinquent behaviour living in CSC show the risk of having problems in school, high level of social stress, anxiety, sense of inadequacy, atypicality, attention problems, hyperactivity and lower levels of self-esteem, self-reliance, interpersonal relations. The results support the conclusions of other studies which found significant relations between EBD students and weak levels of social skills, self-esteem and self-efficacy, cooperation.Conclusion. Sport and physical activity settings are effective intervention setting for creation, practicing and maintenance of pro-social behaviour and emotion managing; furthermore those skills could be transferred to community settings in everyday life. The best education setting for EBD students could be provided in inclusive environment, where the positive behaviour skills could be copied and maintained.
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