Objectives
The current study aimed at evaluating the reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and factor structure of the Spanish Launay–Slade Hallucinations Scale‐Extended version (LSHS‐E) in people with mental disorders and healthy controls.
Methods
Four hundred and twenty‐two individuals completed the Spanish LSHS‐E and the Spanish Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. The convergent and divergent validity of the LSHS‐E was assessed with the three dimensions of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (positive, negative, and depressive dimensions) in healthy controls and people with a mental disorder. Factor structure of the LSHS‐E was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance.
Results
The LSHS‐E had a good reliability in healthy controls and people with a mental disorder (Cronbach's = 0.83 and 0.91, respectively). The LSHS‐E was more strongly associated with positive psychotic‐like experiences than with depressive and negative symptoms. Four factors were found: (a) “intrusive thoughts”; (b) “vivid daydreams”; (c) “multisensory hallucination‐like experiences”; and (d) “auditory–visual hallucination‐like experiences” that were invariant between the group of healthy controls and people with a mental disorder.
Conclusion
The Spanish version of the LSHS‐E possesses adequate psychometric properties, and the confirmatory factor analysis findings provide further support for the multidimensionality of proneness to hallucination in clinical and nonclinical samples.
Our aim was to examine predictive variables associated with the improvement in cognitive, clinical, and functional outcomes after outpatient participation in REPYFLEC strategy-based Cognitive Remediation (CR) group training. In addition, we investigated which factors might be associated with some long-lasting effects at 6 months' follow-up. Predictors of improvement after CR were studied in a sample of 29 outpatients with schizophrenia. Partial correlations were computed between targeted variables and outcomes of response to explore significant associations. Subsequently, we built linear regression models for each outcome variable and predictors of improvement. The improvement in negative symptoms at posttreatment was linked to faster performance in the Trail Making Test B. Disorganization and cognitive symptoms were related to changes in executive function at follow-up. Lower levels of positive symptoms were related to durable improvements in life skills. Levels of symptoms and cognition were associated with improvements following CR, but the pattern of resulting associations was nonspecific.
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