A field experiment was carried out in the farm of faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt during the winter season of 2016 to study the effect of bio-fertilization under different level of nitrogen (75% and 50% of the full dose) on the growth and yield of wheat plant. Obtained results showed that the microbial inoculation leads to a significant increase in growth parameters (plant heights, number of tillers, leaves and dry weights). Also, microbial inoculation leads to a significant increase in NPKcontents as responded to all treatments under investigation in all stages of plant growth. The obtained results show a significant increase in yield parameters and its components (spike length, spike weight , number of grains / spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain and straw yield and NPK contents in grains and straw) as affected by microbial inoculation. The treatment T 9 (Az. chroococcum + K. oxytoca + 75 % dose of N) gave the highest value of grains and straw yield (19.61 and 3.13 ton/fed., respectively) with an increase by 21.87% and 19.01%, respectively. Also, the bio-fertilization has a pronounced increase in microbial count in comparison with the mineral fertilization. The present study recommend by the possibility of using the dual bacterial inoculum which containing Azotobacter chroococcum MF135558 and Klebsiella oxytoca MF135559 in the presence of 75% dose of N for enhancing growth and yield of wheat plants and reduce chemical fertilizers usage.
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) are the major essential macro-nutrients for plants. The ability of soil bacteria to provide available forms of these nutrients to plants is an important feature in the bacterial strain used as a biofertilizer. In this study, fifteen isolates of Azotobacter spp were isolated. The efficiency levels of the N 2 -fixation were tested, the isolates reduced acetylene at rates of 6.348 -1381.023 nmoles C 2 H 4 /ml/day. The most active isolate was No. AZ 8 that identified as Azotobacter chroococcum MF135558. Twenty-one phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated and solubilization efficiency % (SE%) of each isolate was determined by spot inoculation technique. Five isolates (PSB 3, PSB 7, PSB 8, PSB 12 and PSB 14) were chosen due to their high solubilization efficiency % (SE%) 182. 35, 173.33, 222.22, 170.00 and 194.11 %, respectively. The five P-solubilizing bacteria were tested for their ability to solubilize P from tri-calcium phosphate and rock phosphate in liquid Pikovskaya's medium. The highest quantity of released phosphorus in actively growing culture was 36.52 mg/100 ml after 28 days of incubation and 1.095 mg/100 ml after 3 days of incubation on tri-calcium phosphate and rock phosphate, respectively by isolate PSB 14 which was identified as Klebsiella oxytoca MF135559. Five isolates of K-releasing bacteria (KRB) were isolated on Alexandroov's medium and were tested to release K from mica-muscovite. All the tested isolates can release potassium from mica but not in equal efficiency. The most efficient isolate namely KRB-2 could release 7.05 ppm after 6 weeks of incubation. It was identified as Rhizobium pusense MF135560.
A FIELD experiment was carried out on the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt during the winter season of 2016 to study the effect of bio-fertilization under different level of nitrogen and potassium (75% and 50% from the full dose) on the growth and yield of Onion plants. The obtained results showed that the microbial inoculation leads to a significant increase in growth parameters (foliage heights, number of leaves and dry weights). As well as NPK-contents as responded to all treatments under investigation in all stages of plant growth. The same trend was observed in yield parameters (bulb weights, total bulbs yield, Total soluble solids%, Dry matter% and NPK contents in bulb tissues). The treatment T4 (A. chroococcum + 75 % dose of NK) gave the highest total yield with an increase by 6.19% over the control. Also, the bio-fertilization has a pronounced increase in microbial count in comparison with the mineral fertilization. The obtained results of PGPR effects on growth parameters and yield of onion recommend their use as an alternative tool to reduce chemical fertilizers.
Cyanobacteria are one of important groups of prokaryotes due to their effects on growth and development of plants and its role in biological control of phytopathogenic fungi such as : Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani on flax by producing various biologically active substances . In the present study , fourteen cyanobacterial strains were isolated from rice rhizosphere in kafr Elsheikh (k) ( North Delta Region ) and El-Dakahliya (D) ( East Delta Region ) . Only five cyanobacterial strains showed antagonistic effects against the both pathogenic fungi and were indentified as Nostoc muscorum k , Anabaena oryzae D , Anabaena oryzae k , Nostoc pruniforme D and Oscillatoria brevis D. The strains were analysed for phosphate solubilization , production of IAA , ammonia , HCN , production of some enzymes , and effect of their filterates on seed germination of flax seeds . Flax seeds treated with cyanobacterial filtrates germinated faster and produced higher seedlings compared with the nontreated ones .
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