Bullying has been identified as the most common form of aggression experienced by school-age youth. However, it is still unclear about the family’s influence on school bullying. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the associations between sibling bullying and school bullying, sibling victimization and school victimization, and parental acceptance–rejection and school bullying victimization. The study was cross-sectional and conducted on a sample of students aged between 11 and 20 years recruited from middle schools in Algeria. The study used a survey adopted from the scale of Sibling Bullying, Student Survey of Bullying Behavior—Revised 2, and the Survey of parental acceptance–rejection in collecting the data. The model’s results assessing the association between sibling bullying and school bullying demonstrated that the effect of sibling physical and sibling verbal victims on school victimization was statistically significant. Despite the non-significant effect of sibling emotional victims on school victimization, the effect of sibling physical and sibling verbal bullying on school bullying was statistically significant. However, the effect of sibling emotional bullying on school bullying was not statistically significant. The direct effect of parental acceptance on school victimization was not statistically significant, whereas the effect of parental rejection on school victimization was statistically significant. The direct effect of parental acceptance on school bullying was not statistically significant, while the effect of parental rejection on school bullying was statistically significant. Based on the results, this study provides insights into the understanding of how the family and siblings contribute to school bullying. In particular, sibling victimization, sibling bullying, and parental acceptance–rejection are predictive factors of school bullying among adolescents. Future research should take into account factors based on family to explore the risks of school bullying.
This study aimed to discover coping strategies among professional male Tunisian footballers during the Ramadan 2021 fast. One hundred and eighty footballers who belong to twelve Tunisian professional clubs (age: 25.54 ± 4.41 years, weight: 77.19 ± 5.99 kg; height: 180.54 ± 7.28 cm; BMI: 23.67 ± 0.58) were tested during three sessions: one week before Ramadan, during the last week of Ramadan, and one week after Ramadan 2021. The footballers completed the Arabic version of the Inventory of Coping Strategies for Competitive Sport (ICSCS) scale in each session. Responses were recorded retrospectively one hour after a competition. The analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of Ramadan fasting on the adaptation profile of footballers (F = 3.51; p-value = 0.0001). Before and after Ramadan fasting, active coping dominates the adaptation profile of Tunisian professional footballers. During Ramadan, footballers use an irregular and unbalanced coping profile. The lifestyle change induced by the Ramadan fast significantly and negatively affected the adaptation profile of Tunisian professional footballers. Under the effect of the month of Ramadan, footballers developed a different coping profile from that of normal months.
The relationship between brothers and sisters is important not only because it is one of the longest lasting relationships, but because of it is a strong impact on personality ,psychological and emotional development, especially in adolescence. The current study aimed at codifying of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire )Furman & Buhrmester, 1985( among adolescents and verifying its global structure through analysis and two main factors were adopted: warmth and conflict. To achieve the objectives of the study, a random sample of 479 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years was selected. The 30 items measures ten sub-dimensions that fall under two main dimensions: Warmth, Conflict by (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985) and the researcher's translation. The empirical and empirical analysis of the translated Arabic version of the questionnaire was carried out on the sample of the study. The results showed that there were eight sub-dimensions in which the questionnaire sections were filled after they were ten. These sub dimensions were also filled with two main dimensions: warmth and conflict. The results of the analysis were discussed in the light of previous studies. The study recommended the importance of focusing on brotherly relations and the design of Arab and Algerian standards that measure the various aspects of fraternal relations.
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