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Using the commitment model, this study examines the effects of satisfaction, alternative choices, and investment scale about the environment would predict users' environmental commitments. Furthermore, this study also investigated the relationship between the commitment to environment and the willingness to pay for the environmental conservation at the particular natural site. A survey was conducted at Yangmingshan National Park. The data were collected from April to July 2019. The findings of the analysis suggested that satisfaction and investment scale had the significantly positive effects on the commitment to the environment; but the alternative choices had the significantly negative relationship with the commitment. However, the level of environmental commitment failed to predict the willingness to pay via the entrance fee for environment conservation and protection. The level of commitment did not mediate the effects of satisfaction, alternative choices, and investment scale in the environment on the willingness to pay more for the national park, which will require refinement in future research.

This study investigated the cooling performances of extensive green roofs (EGRs) planted with 12 ornamental plants on rainless days in a subtropical city for 1 year. Imitating the construction of an EGR, 48 modules were constructed and each module was planted as a monoculture with 100 plants each. Plant growth and greening performance were measured every 2 weeks. Temperatures, solar radiation intensities, and substrate water contents were measured continuously and recorded every 5 minutes. The analyzed results showed that both plant species selection and seasonal variation had a significant impact on the noontime cooling benefit. The modules planted with taller plants, more extensive plant cover, higher albedo, and greater canopy volume had a greater noontime cooling benefit. As the seasons changed, the albedo and canopy volume of the modules were primarily responsible for differences in the noontime cooling benefit provided by the different plant species. Over an entire year of observation, the results of this research could inform the selection of plant species by landscape designers for EGRs with the aim of providing greater cooling benefits and aesthetic quality overall four seasons.

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Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) from family Solanaceae is an important source for vitamins and other minerals. The demand for tomatoes therefore increases due to the changes in the lifestyle of the food intake among ordinary people who are aware of their nutritional intake. Climate change is nevertheless the greatest treat that can reduced the tomato production. Cultivating indoor using greenhouse is one of the solutions to mitigate this problem. The biggest constraint in tropical climate for greenhouse cultivation, however, is solar radiation and temperature. This study was therefore intended to evaluate the growth, physiology, yield and quality of tomato under two systems of greenhouse; Smart Greenhouse (SGS) versus Conventional Greenhouse (CGS) system. Cherry tomato was grown in two greenhouses at three different shading levels of (0, 50 and 70 percent). SGS received around 800 ppm of CO2 while CGS has been designated as control. The experiments with six replications were carried out in nested design. All the data were compared and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). As a results, growth, physiology, and tomato yield were reduced due to high temperature inside SGS under elevated CO2. Additionally, high temperature (32-35 o C) inhibited the assimilation of photosynthetic carbon. Thus, fruit setting was delayed thereby reducing yield production. Upon enrichment, vapor pressure deficit (VPD) decreased under elevated CO2 and lycopene under shaded area showed 52% and 25% respectively higher compared to CGS. Overall, elevated CO2 in tropical climate inside greenhouse influences temperature increase that have reduced growth performance, physiology, yield and quality of cherry tomato.