The morphometry and sperm reserves of the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of three groups (n=5/ group) of sexually active adult local turkey toms fed isocaloric diet with varying levels (12 %, 16 %, 20 %) of protein were studied for sixteen weeks. The weights of the toms before treatment were between 3.5 -4.5 kg, while at the end of the experiment the mean ± SD live weight were 5.29 ± 0.65, 5.39 ± 0.45 and 5.63 ± 0.49 kg for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The mean ± SD weights of the paired tunics, testis, epididymis and vas deferens, respectively, were 0.41 ± 0.11 g, 8.27 ± 2.37 g, 0.28 ± 0. 07 g and 0.36 ± 0.11 g (group 1): 0.43 ± 0.02 g, 8.50 ± 0.65 g, 0.33 ± 0.11 g and 0.40 ± 0.11 g (group 2) and: 0.49 ± 0.16 g, 9.83 ± 3.08 g, 0.40 ± 0.13 g and 0.50 ± 0.18 g, (group 3). The mean ± SD lengths of the testes were: 3.72 ± 0.34 cm, 4.40 ± 0.47 cm and 4.48 ± 1.14 cm; the epididymis: 3.12 ± 0.56 cm, 3.17 ± 0.67cm and 3.48 ± 0.49 cm, and the vas deferens: 17.27 ± 1.10 cm, 17.33 ± 0.93 cm and 17.49 ± 1.10 cm, for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Mostly, the parameters of the left organs were greater than those of the right. The mean ± SD weight of the testes positively correlated with that of the epididymis in all the groups (r = 0.72, 0.65 and 0.87 for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively) and the vas deferens (r = 0.54, 0.72 and 0.75 for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively). The gonadal sperm reserves were 0.19 ± 0.00 x 10 9 cells/ml, 0.21 ± 0.00 x 10 9 cells/ml and 0.21 ± 0.00 x 10 9 cells/ml for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The mean ± SD extragonadal sperm reserves were, epididymis: 0.08 ± 0.00 x 10 9 cells/ml, 0.12 ± 0.01 x 10 9 cells/ml, 0.18 ± 0.00 x 10 9 cells/ml, and vas deferens: 2.00 ± 0.13 x 10 9 cells/ml, 2.82 ± 0.50 x 10 9 cells/ml and 3.75 ± 0.60 x 10 9 cells/ml for the three groups respectively. The vas deferens had about 88 %, of the extragonadal sperm reserve in group 1 and 90 % in groups 2 and 3. Sperm reserve was positively correlated to body weight and to the length of the testis. The results suggest, therefore, that morphometry and sperm reserves were better in turkey toms fed 16 % and 20 % than 12 % protein diets.
The study investigated the cytoprotective and ameliorative effects of melatonin and Allium sativum (garlic) on dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-induced oxidative stress, its impact on sperm DNA integrity and testicular oxidative stress biomarkers. Forty two rabbit bucks were randomly divided into 7 groups of 6 bucks each labeled as A, B, C, D, E, F and G: The treatment were as follows: A (served as negative control, received olive oil for 16 weeks); B (served as positive control, exposed to DBP for 16 weeks, no treatment); C (given melatonin for 8 weeks, thereafter DBP for 8 weeks); D (administered garlic for 8 weeks, thereafter DBP for 8 weeks); E (exposed to DBP for 8 weeks, thereafter melatonin for 8 week); F (exposed to DBP for 8 weeks, thereafter garlic for 8 weeks); and G (exposed to DBP for 8 weeks, thereafter melatonin + garlic for 8 weeks). Ejaculated semen was collected on the last day (112th) using artificialv vagina for rabbit and pooled for each group was used for sperm DNA fragmentation index (SDFI) determination, rabbits were sacrificed and the testes harvested for determination of superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde concentration. Results showed a significant increase (P = 0.0018) in the mean SDFI in group B (78.20 ± 4.72), compared to other groups. A significant increase (P ≤ 0.0001) in superoxide dismutase activity, increase reduced glutathione concentration and decrease malondialdehyde concentrations in the treatment groups compared to the DBP exposed group without treatment (group B) were observed. Melatonin and garlic demonstrated cytoprotective and ameliorative effects against DBP-induced oxidative stress in rabbit bucks. Keywords: Dibutyl phthalate, Garlic, Melatonin, Sperm DNA, Testicular biomarkers
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