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Our findings are in line with emerging evidence that the spectrum of interstitial damage caused by smoke includes not only Langerhans cell hystiocytosis, respiratory bronchiolitis or desquamative interstitial pneumonia but also advanced usual interstitial pneumonitis as well. We believe that in some patients smoking plays a destructive role by a variety of mechanisms and can cause emphysema, lung fibrosis as well as pulmonary vasculopathy and hypertension. Future studies are needed to define the genetics and pathophysiology of this uncommonly reported clinical syndrome.

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This silicosis current outbreak is important because of the worldwide use of this and similar high-silica-content, artificial stone products, which can cause progressive severe forms of silicosis. Along with standard clinical assessment and PFT, CT parameters are indicative measures of the disease severity.

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Percutaneous angioplasty using stent-graft is a minimally invasive, safe, and efficacious procedure for treatment of posttransplantation PAS and should be considered as an alternative to surgery even when the patient is considered fit for surgical repair.

Organophosphate poisoning may precipitate complex ventricular arrhythmias, a frequently overlooked and potentially lethal aspect of this condition. Acute effects consist of electrocardiographic ST-T segment changes and AV conduction disturbances of varying degrees, while long-lasting cardiac changes include QT prolongation, polymorphic tachycardia ("Torsades de Pointes"), and sudden cardiac death. Cardiac monitoring of organophosphate intoxicated patients for relatively long periods after the poisoning and early aggressive treatment of arrhythmias may be the clue to better survival. We present here a review of the literature with a focus on late cardiac arrhythmias (mainly "Torsades de pointes"), possible mechanisms, and treatment modalities, with special emphasis on postpoisoning monitoring for development of arrhythmias.

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