Ülevaade. Artiklis uurime adjektiivi morfosüntaktilisi tunnuseid ja selgitame, kuivõrd on prototüüpsele adjektiivile omistatavad tunnused (nt ühildumine, võrrete moodustamine) adjektiiviklassile eriomased. Loome neile tunnustele tuginedes parameetrid, mille abil eristame korpuse andmete põhjal adjektiive teistest sõnaliikidest. Tüüpilise adjektiivi korpusprofiili tuvastamise kaugem eesmärk on rakenduse loomine, mis võimaldaks leksikograafidel ebaselgete juhtumite puhul kontrollida sõna adjektiviseerumise astet. Tutvustame kuue parameetri testimise tulemust 12 sõnarühma peal, millest igaühte kuulub 10 sõna. Sõnavalikul arvestame adjektiiviklassi piiripealseid juhtumeid ja leksikograafilisi kitsaskohti. Analüüsime, mil määral hälbivad erinevad testrühmad testitud parameetrite põhjal prototüüpsest adjektiiviklassi esindajast ning vaatleme ka variatsiooni adjektiiviklassi sees. Kõrvale kaldeanalüüs võimaldab välja selgitada parima eristusvõimega parameetrid. Eukleidilise kauguse mõõtmine eristab hästi adjektiivisarnased sõnad ja rühmad nendest, mis sarnanevad prototüüpsele adjektiivile vähem.
Abstract:In the eighteenth century, songs of two essentially different types of culture were present in the repertory of the Estonian-speaking community: folksongs and hymns. The old tradition of folksongs (regilaul or runosong) representing the indigenous oral culture was still alive. At the same time, since the sixteenth century, more and more elements of European (Christian) written culture had penetrated into the mental world of Estonians. The structures of literary language (and thinking based on written texts in a broader sense) were transferred into Estonian mainly by means of translations of ecclesiastical literature. For certain socio-historical reasons, influences of literacy may have mainly reached Estonians through the translations of Lutheran hymns, which became especially popular in the eighteenth century. This was the century in which structures of indigenous oral culture and those of European written culture probably still functioned in the mental world of Estonians separately from each other. Only in the nineteenth century the two sets fused into literary Estonian, and the modern Estonian culture was born. In order to understand the mechanics of the genesis of modern Estonian, the present article juxtaposes the sublanguages representing the situation in the eighteenth century (prior to the fusion). The text-corpora of folksongs and Lutheran hymn translations are analysed on lexical, morphological, and morphosyntactical levels.Keywords: grammatical phrases, language history, lexis, Lutheran hymns, morphological categories, runosong, written versus oral culture, word frequency JUXTAPOSED SUBLANGUAGES AND TEXT CORPORAThe aim of the following juxtaposition is to explain the structure and mutual relations between two eighteenth century sublanguages of Estonian: the sublanguage of folksongs representing the indigenous oral culture, and the sublanguage of Lutheran hymn translations representing the written ecclesiastical culture. Both variants were poetic languages, many features of which relied on the metrical and poetic system in which they functioned. However, in the present paper prosody and strictly poetic circumstances will be disregarded and both sublanguages will be analysed first and foremost from the lexical and
This study addresses categorization issues related to adjective candidates in Estonian, focusing on the category of participles. The aim of the analysis was to assess the ranges of the prototypical adjective and to determine its degree of deviation on the prototypicality scale. The investigation was based on a group of validated adjectives – selected adjectives included in the Basic Estonian Dictionary – and two control groups of more and less lexicalized participles. We tested seven morphosyntactic corpus patterns characteristic of adjectives. The test patterns were based on the prototypical features of the adjective, as well as on observations made in the actual lexicographic analysis. To assess the sample words and determine the significance of the test patterns from the point of view of defining adjectivity, we used deviation analysis. The results of this study can be applied to establish a measure of adjectivity for lexicographic judgments when distinguishing, for instance, lexicalized participles from regular ones.
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