Manufacturing is third largest sector of Pakistan's economy. The manufacturing firms convert raw material to finished goods that is useful for people. The whole process (raw material to end product) requires huge amount of working capital. Any anomaly in working capital management directly effects on performance, profitability and value of firm. The present study explores impact of working capital management on profitability as well as on value of firm. The study collects random sample of 30 manufacturing firms registered on Pakistan Stock Exchange for twelve years (2005 to 2016). The regression models were estimated using Generalized Method of Moments. The results showed profitability and value of firms decrease with increase in receivable and inventory turnover because delay in receivables or sale of inventory enhance financing needs for working capital. Liquidity contribute largely in increase profitability as compared to value of firm. However, some variables showed partial results for both models for example profitability increased with rise in growth and cash conversion cycle. Value of firm was decreased with delay in accounts payable turnover because it cased distrust of supplier and investors. We expected size will increase profitability and value but contrary results expressed decline in both. The research findings suggest firms in Pakistan should focus on efficient working capital management for better profitability and value addition of firm.
Being a technology driven and triggered world, it is extremely important for the individuals to remain virtually connected. But sometimes such virtual connections lead the individuals towards phubbing because of which relational satisfaction among the individuals has been lost. The purpose of our study is to analyze the impact of the individual attachment styles on the relationship satisfaction by the mediating role of phubbing behavior. In light of Bowlby attachments styles our study conceptualizes that secured individuals are contended with their surrounding’s hence phubless, and remain contended in their relationships. Whereas the insecurely attached individuals are the ones who phubbed more which ultimately leads them towards less relationship satisfaction. The present study is the first to conceptualize such framework.
In order to get the quality seal now a day's institutions are striving hard in order to get theaccreditation. Same is the situation with Pakistan, as NBEAC is allowing accreditation to the business schools. Drawing upon the ramifications of the institutional hypothesis we have investigated the relationship and effect of NBEAC success, its standards, and the re-accreditation of business schools upon the quality of business education in Pakistan. While investigating this idea, Deans of NBEAC accredited business schools of Pakistan have been reached to get the genuine bits of knowledge of the schools. Thematic technique has been utilized to extricate the valuable data from the information gathered, and the aftereffects of the investigation uncovered that accreditation has been considered as the most significant factor to improve the quality of business education in Pakistan. Keywords: NBEAC, accreditation, quality, business schools, business education
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