Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to enhance aerobic endurance performance. However, the effects of CHO mouth rinse on muscular strength and endurance are mixed and may be dependent on dosage of CHO. The primary purpose was to examine the effects of different dosages of CHO rinse on strength (bench press 1 repetition maximum [1-RM]) and muscular endurance (40% of 1-RM repetitions to failure) in female athletes. Sixteen resistance-trained females (age: 20 ± 1 years; height: 167 ± 3 cm; body mass: 67 ± 4 kg; BMI: 17 ± 2 kg/m2; resistance training experience: 2 ± 1 years) completed four conditions in random order. The four conditions consisted of a mouth rinse with 25 mL solutions containing either 6% of CHO (Low dose of CHO: LCHO), 12% CHO (Moderate dose of CHO: MCHO), 18% CHO (High dose of CHO: HCHO) or water (Placebo: PLA) for 10 s prior to a bench press strength and muscular endurance test. Maximal strength (1-RM), muscular endurance (reps and total volume), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and glucose (GLU) were recorded each condition. There were no significant differences in strength (p = 0.95) or muscular endurance (total repetitions: p = 0.06; total volume: p = 0.20) between conditions. Similarly, HR (p = 0.69), RPE (p = 0.09) and GLU (p = 0.92) did not differ between conditions. In conclusion, various doses of CHO mouth rinse (6%, 12% and 18%) have no effect on upper body muscular strength or muscular endurance in female athletes.

This study aims to investigate anxiety states of students in Faculty of Sport Sciences during coronavirus (Covid19) in terms of some variables. Total number of 166 students as 67 female and 99 male chosen by simple random sampling from Sinop University Faculty of Sport Sciences participated in this study. Informed consent form and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used as data collection tool. To disclose differences in statistical evaluation of the data Mann-Whitney U Test and for multiple comparisons Kruskal-Wallis Test were used. In paired comparison of the total scores in anxiety inventory, it was detected statistically difference with regards to gender variable in favor of males (p<0,05). On the other hand, there were not found any statistically significant difference in age, monthly personal income, home exercise status, exercise frequency, exercise duration, habit of cigarette smoking and following virus news at daily basis during coronavirus threat (p>0,05). Anxiety levels of females participated in this study were found higher than males. No statistically significant difference was found in home exercise. But, anxiety levels of the participants exercised at home were observed lower compared to the others who did not.

Introduction and objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of electrostimulation and core exercises on recovery after high-intensity exercise. Methods: The participants of this study consists of 12 male bodybuilders who regularly train and between the ages 18-30. Tabata high intensity interval training (HIIT) was applied with different recovery methods to the athletes on three different days and the recovery levels of athletes were analyzed. Heart rate and blood lactate levels were measured at baseline (PRE) at immediately after the HIIT (POST), at the 1 minutes after HIIT (1min), at the 5 minutes after HIIT (5min), and at the 10 minutes after HIIT (10min). On the rest days, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum creatine kinase (CK) measurements were done to determine the muscle damage. Results: The ingroup comparisons for lactate levels showed no significant difference (p>0,01). The level of lactate on the 10min was found to be significantly lower than the 5min in the core exercise group (p<0,01). Similarly in the electrostimulation group, 10m lactate levels are significantly lower than 5min (p<0,01). There were no statistically significant differences in the heart rate measurements (p<0,01). The results showed no statistically significant difference between the groups although the averages of LDH and CK showed variations (p>0,01). These results show that the lactate level reaches to the maximum level after HIIT, and the level of lactate decreases between the 5th and the 10th minutes. Discussion and conclusion:These indicate that the active recovery methods are more effective than the passive. It was found that the active recovery methods accelerate the lactate removal from the metabolism and provide effective recovery in short time during the recovery period after exercise.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Spor lisesi öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıklarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, Sinop Şehit Bülent Yalçın Spor Lisesi öğrencilerinden (erkek n=65, kadın n=33) olmak üzere toplam 98 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmada, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen beslenme ve öğünlere ilişkin görüşleri, spor ve beslenmeye yönelik tutumları ve destek ürünü kullanma tutumlarını incelemeye yönelik, 15 maddeden oluşan anket uygulanmıştır. Anketin güvenirliliğini ölçmek için Cronbach Alfa katsayısından yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan güvenirlilik analizi sonucu, Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0.79 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular frekans dağılımı ve yüzdeler ile özetlenerek yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmada; spor lisesi öğrencilerinin spor ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiyi %87.8 bir oranla vurgulamalarına rağmen, beslenme ve öğünlere ilişkin görüşlerinin ve beslenmeye yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin %62.2'si okul müfredatında beslenme ile ilgili yeterince bilgi olmadığı görüşündedir. Sonuç olarak spor liselerinde müfredatın gözden geçirilmesinin yanı sıra, sağlıklı ve düzenli beslenmeye yönelik eğitici konferanslar ve bilimsel etkinlikler yapılmalı ve öğrencilerde sağlıklı yaşam ve sporda beslenmeye yönelik bir kültür oluşturulmalıdır.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of high intensity training with their own body weight on flexibility and anaerobic capacity.

The aim of this research is to analyze the reading habits of students studying physical education and sports training with respect to certain variables. A total of 324 first-year students (125 females, 199 males) voluntarily participated in the research from physical education and sports training departments of Sinop University, Kafkas University, and Ondokuz MayÇ s University. A questionnaire consisting of two parts was used as the data collection tool in the research. The personal information form was used in the first part and the "Reading Habit Attitude Scale" developed by Gömleksiz (2004) was used in the second part. Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests were employed to determine whether the data exhibited a normal distribution in the analysis. The data exhibiting a normal distribution were analyzed with the help of t-test and One-Way ANOVA. In multiple comparisons, the Tukey HSD test was used to determine the groups causing the difference. According to the results of the research, a significant difference was found in favor of women in the age variable of sub-dimensions of "love, habit, will, effect and benefit"; in the gender variable; in favor of ages 18-20-21-22 in sub-dimension of "necessity"; in favor of primary and secondary school graduates in sub-dimensions of "habit, necessity and will" in the father's educational background variable; in favor of the average value above 1.5 in sub-dimension of "love" and in favor of average grades between 1.0-2.5 in sub-dimension of "benefit" in the academic grade averages variable (p <0.05). No significant difference was found with respect to the variables of the department and mother's education background (p> 0.05).It was revealed that among the university students studying physical education and sports training, female students read more than the male students and those whose father was a primary or secondary school graduate were more willing to read and they regarded this habit as a necessity.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of short term active and passive recovery methods on strength after high intensity interval training (HIIT). Method: Twelve trained male bodybuilders (18-30 years of age) voluntary participated in the study, on a voluntary basis. The criteria for the athletes were being healthy, not having any chronic or acute disorders, and not having restrictions on movement due to injuries.Subjects applied randomly active and passive recovery techniques (Electrostimulation, core training, control) after each HIIT on three different days. Performance tests were conducted on athletes before (Pre-T) and after HIIT (Post-T). The data collected were analysed with dependent two sample t test and independent samples t test. Results: Although there was an increase in the anaerobic strength, vertical jump, and back strength levels, no statistically significant difference was found in between groups (p>0,01). Similarly, a decrease was found in the levels of leg strength and right-left handgrip strength in three groups. Although the difference in the control group was not meaningful in terms of these values, there was a significant difference in the right-left hand grip strength levels in the core training and stimulation groups (p<0,01). Pre-T the values of right-left handgrip strength in the core training group decreased from 48,46±5,06 to 46,16±5,84, from 47,95±5,44, to 46,50±5,43 respectively compared to Post-T (p<0,01). In the electrostimulation group, on the other hand, Pre-T the right handgrip strength decreased from 47,36±4,48 to 45,72±5,31 while Pre-T the left handgrip strength decreased from 46,45±4,27 to 44,13±5,05, compared to Post-T (p<0,01). Additionally, the comparison between the groups Pre-T and Post-T showed no statistically significant difference (p>0,01).Conclusion: The active and passive recovery methots, did not have any effect on strength parameters in bodybuilders and does not provide any acute effect in the recovery period after high intensity training.

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in the acute blood lactate levels of elite taekwondo players when carrying out high-intensity interval training on Spinning ® bikes. Twenty elite-level taekwondo athletes participated in the study. The subjects were selected from athletes who had been competitors for at least six years. Their average age, height and weight values were determined to be 18.89±2.07 years, 176.8 ± 8.73 cm and 70.59 ± 12.13 kg respectively. In the present study the subjects carried out high-intensity interval training using Spinning bikes based on the Tabata protocol. The loads were applied as a total of four sets of eight repetitions with the principle of 20 seconds of load followed by 10 seconds of rest with one-minute's rest given between sets. The subjects' lactate levels were measured from their fingers using the Accutrend Lactate portable lactate analyzer with the help of the strips provided. Lactate measurements were made five times: before training (Pre), after Set 1 (1S), after Set 2 (2S), after Set 3 (3S) and once the exercise was over (Post). The heart rates (HR) of the athletes were monitored by their coaches before and during exercise. The data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA in the SPSS 22 package program. A statistically significant difference was found among the baseline lactate levels, the 1S, 2S, 3S and post lactate levels in the study (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference when the 1S lactate level was compared with all the time periods except for 2S (p<0.05). The difference between the 3S and Post lactate levels was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). As a result of the study it was observed that Spinning ® training carried out using the high-intensity interval training method caused a rapid increase in acute lactic acid accumulation. In the case of performance athletes, we can say that this exercise could be part of the lactate tolerance training used to counter fatigue.