Purpose The aim was to evaluate the treatment outcomes and prognostic characteristics of patients with early-stage glottic laryngeal carcinoma who underwent radical radiotherapy (RT) with different techniques. Patients and Methods Radiotherapy was applied using the 2D conventional technique between 1991 and 2004 (130 patients), 3DCRT until 2014 (125 patients), and by VMAT until January 2017 (44 patients). Clinical T stages were 38 (12.7%) for Tis, 209 (69.9%) for T1, and 52 (17.4%) for T2. Radiotherapy technique and energy, anterior commissure involvement, and stage were analyzed as prognostic factors. Results The median total dose was 66 (50–70) Gy, and median follow-up time was 72 (3–288) months; 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 95.8%, 95.5%, and 88.6%, respectively, in Tis, T1, and T2 stages. In multivariate analyses, anterior commissure involvement was found significant for all survival and local control rates. The patients treated with VMAT technique had better local control and DSS rates. However, these results were not statistically significant. Conclusion In early-stage laryngeal carcinomas, radical RT is a function sparing and effective treatment modality, regardless of treatment techniques.

New precision radiotherapy (RT) techniques reduce the uncertainties in localizing soft and moving tumors. However, there are still many uncontrollable internal organ movements. In our study, patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NA-CRT) for rectal cancer were evaluated to determine inter-fraction mesorectum motion and dosimetric changes. Fourteen patients treated with NA-CRT for rectal cancer between 2014 and 2016 were included in the analysis. The mesorectum and clinical target volume (CTV) were delineated on planning computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT (CB-CT) scans. After planning with a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan, re-planning was performed on all CB-CTs. Finally, the volumetric and dosimetric changes of PTV and mesorectum were evaluated in all CB-CTs compared with the initial CT and VMAT plans. The geometrical center of mesorectum volume in CB-CTs had moved 1 (0.2–6.6), 1.6 (0.2–3.8) and 1.6 (0–4.9) mm in the x, y and z-axis respectively compared with the initial CT. The dosimetric parameters of PTV including D2, D95 and D98 on CB-CT showed a median 47.19 (46.70–47.80), 45.05 (44.18–45.68) and 44.69 (43.83–45.48) Gy and median 1% (1–2), 0% (0–2) and 1% (0–2) dosimetric change compared with the initial VMAT plan. In our study, we have shown that the mesorectum has moved up to 20 mm in the lateral and anterior–posterior direction and almost 10 mm in the superior/inferior direction during RT, causing a median of ~2% change in dosimetric parameters. Therefore, these movements must be considered in determining PTV margins to avoid dosimetric changes.

At intravenous urography, iopromide induced fewer side effects compared to diatrizoate.

The questioning of all men aged 20 and over attending urology outpatient clinic concerning premature ejaculation will greatly increase diagnoses and treatments.

These findings show that the doctor has a great responsibility in determining erectile dysfunction. Therefore discussions of sexual health should be made a routine part of doctor-patient discussions, and patients, especially those over 50, should be asked whether they have a complaint of erectile dysfunction.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the long-term oncologic outcome for patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). In addition, we attempted to identify prognostic factors and the oncologic significance of a pathological complete response (pCR) on the patient's oncologic outcome. Materials and Methods: Between February 1993 and January 2019, a prospectively maintained database of 357 consecutive patients with locally advanced (cT3-4 or any N1-2) primary rectal adenocarcinoma who received preoperative CRT followed by curative TME at our institute was analyzed. Results: With a median follow-up of 72 (23–295) months, local recurrence occurred in 21 (5.9%) patients. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year locoregional free survival rates were 92.7%, 91.3%, and 91.3%, respectively. The median time to pelvic recurrence was 28 (12–103) months. Pathologic complete response was reported in 41 (11.6%) patients, and no patient with pCR developed local recurrence. Advanced pathologic T stage, pathologic nodal stage, and circumferential resection margin involvement were significantly poor prognostic factors for these patients. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer significantly improved the down-staging and sphincter preservation rates of low-lying rectal carcinomas. However, some patients will continue to recur after 5 years of follow-up.