Background:Studies have reported the presence of sleep disorders in approximately 50–70% of diabetic patients, and these may contribute to poor glycemic control, diabetic neuropathy, and overnight hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sleep disorders in diabetic patients, and to investigate possible relationships between scores of these sleep disorders and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and diabetic parameters (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and lipid levels).Methods:We used the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) for OSAS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to determine the frequency of sleep disorders and their possible relationships with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels.Results:The study included 585 type 2 diabetic patients admitted to family medicine clinics between October and December 2014. Sleep, sleep quality, and sleep scores were used as the dependent variables in the analysis. The ESS scores showed that 54.40% of patients experienced excessive daytime sleepiness, and according to the PSQI, 64.30% experienced poor-quality sleep. The BQ results indicated that 50.20% of patients were at high-risk of OSAS. HbA1c levels correlated significantly with the ESS and PSQI results (r = 0.23, P < 0.001 and r = 0.14, P = 0.001, respectively), and were significantly higher in those with high-risk of OSAS as defined by the BQ (P < 0.001). These results showed that HbA1c levels were related to sleep disorders.Conclusions:Sleep disorders are common in diabetic patients and negatively affect the control of diabetes. Conversely, poor diabetes control is an important factor disturbing sleep quality. Addressing sleep disturbances in patients who have difficulty controlling their blood glucose has dual benefits: Preventing diabetic complications caused by sleep disturbance and improving diabetes control.
Aim. Our aim was to detect older patients who were prescribed inappropriate drugs according to START/STOPP criteria in primary care. Materials and Method. Patients aged over 65, admitted to health center no. 5 in Afyon, were included. The files of the subjects were surveyed retrospectively for the final one year in the digital environment, using the Family Medicine Information System. The files surveyed allowed us to list the drugs they used in the past year and to detect inappropriate drug use. Results. The number of patients that took part in this study was 325 (average age: 73.23 ± 6.44 years). We found that, among these participants, 48 patients (14.8%) were using drugs inappropriately according to STOPP criteria. Conclusion. Further focus on avoiding inappropriate drug use will allow clinicians and other health professionals to reduce side effects and other complications. In patients aged over 65, there is a need to attach particular importance to inappropriate drug use, drug interactions, and avoidance of side effects.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin öğretim programı okuryazarlığı algılarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Program okuryazarlığı, öğretmenin eğitim programlarına özgü özelliklerin farkında olması, bu farkındalığı uygulamaya dönük kullanabilmesi, eleştirel bakış açısıyla değerlendirmeler ve yorumlamalar yaparak eğitim programını kendine rehber olarak kullanabilmesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Alanyazın taraması ve yapılan çalışmalar kapsamında hazırlanan 118 maddelik ölçek uzman değerlendirmeleri sonucunda 68 maddeye indirilmiş ve bu 68 maddelik taslak ölçek 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde Ankara ilindeki altı farklı ilçede ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde devlet okullarında görev yapmakta olan 406 öğretmene uygulanarak Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ile ölçeğe ait dört boyutlu bir yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu ölçek Ankara ilindeki on dört ilçede devlet okullarında görev yapmakta olan toplam 713 ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise öğretmenine uygulanarak Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. DFA sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin 38 maddeden oluşan dört boyutlu yapısı doğrulanmıştır. Bu boyutlar a) programı tanıma, b) programı hayata geçirme, c) programı sorgulama ve d) programa değer verme olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ölçeğe ait Cronbach α değeri .934’tür. Çalışma bulgularının öğretmen eğitimi ve program okuryazarlığı alanında çalışan araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
SARS-CoV-2, also known as Coronavirus-19, is the seventh member of the coronavirus family, which has members such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), following its detection in Wuhan in 2019 in a short time, it has turned into a pandemic that has taken the world under its influence. 1 Basically, four variants of concern are mentioned, namely alpha, beta, gamma and delta of the coronavirus family. It is known that the beta type, to which SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 subtypes belong, causes more severe infection. 2 In the COVID-19 pandemic, variant virus forms were first reported in South Africa in May 2020, followed by variants from the United Kingdom, India and Brazil. [3][4][5] South Africa has named this variant 501Y.V2, because of an N501Y mutation. 5 The UK variant is called SARS-CoV-2 VOC202012/01 (Variant of Concern, the year 2020, month 12, variant 01). 5 In January 2021, the first SARS-CoV-2 UK variant was detected in Turkey followed by the South African variant. 6 Today, 10 kinds of variants of the virus are mentioned. 7 Various speculations have been made regarding the clinical course of these variant viruses. However, a clear
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