<p>Psychiatric and physical illnesses frequently coexist. Depression is associated clinically with heart disease in several ways, including risk of arrhythmia, alteration of the amount of blood flowing to the coronary arteries, increased risk of blood clots, and increased risk of cardiac arrest. Depression may even be an independent risk factor for mortality in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD), something that should concern those involved in the treatment of those patients.</p> <h4>ABOUT THE AUTHORS</h4> <p>Nazmie F. Ibishi, MD, is a Psychiatrist with the University Clinical Center of Kosova, Clinic of Psychiatry, Prishtina, Kosova. Nebi R. Musliu, MD, is a Cardiologist with the University Clinical Center of Kosova, Clinic of Cardiology. Ahmet Kamberi, PhD; Spiro Qirko, PhD; Sabit Brokaj, PhD; and Mimoza Lezha, PhD, are with University Hospital Center of Tirana, Clinic of Cardiology, Albania. Bekim Haxhiu, MD, is with Primary Care Service, Prishtina, Kosova, John Masala, MD, is a Psychiatrist with Dubrava Prison Hospital, Kosova.</p> <p>Address correspondence to: Nazmie F. Ibishi, MD, University Clinical Center of Kosova-Clinic of Psychiatry, Prishtina, (Kosova); or e-mail <a href="mailto:nazmiemb3@hotmail.com">nazmiemb3@hotmail.com</a>.</p> <p>Dr. Ibishi, Dr. Musliu, Dr. Kamberi, Dr. Qirko, Dr. Brokaj, Dr. Lezha, Dr. Haxhiu, and Dr. Masala have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.</p> <h4>EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES</h4> <ol><li> Assess the impact of depression in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. </li> <li> Determine the relationship of depression and CVD, including biological and behavioral factors. </li> <li> Explain the signifi cance of early recognition of depression in CVD patients and the role of indirect self-destructive behavior as an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in these patients. </li></ol>
Aim: We investigated if rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads during exercise can independently predict coronary artery disease. Methods: 78 normotensive men with normal blood pressure who had exercise ECG stress test and a coronary angiography within 30 days were enrolled in the study. Basic features of all the patients were also compared. The rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads at the first stage, peak exercise, second, fourth and sixth minute of recovery were compared in normotensive men with both normal and abnormal coronary arteries. Statistical analysis: t test and stepwise regression was used. Results: The rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads were statistically importantly higher in men with normal blood pressure which had coronary artery disease compared to those with normal coronary arteries and normal blood pressure. Conclusions: In men with normal blood pressure high levels of systolic blood pressure to workload rates at the first stage to the end of exercise test can independently predict the presence of coronary artery disease, even in non-conclusive stress tests or when ECG doesn’t show any change during exercise.
Aim: This study investigates whether in males with normal blood pressure that underwent exercise stress test Double Product (DB) or Double Product Ratios to workload (DPR) are self-sufficient in predicting the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Method: 78 male patients with normal blood pressure went through bicycle exercise stress test (EST) and within four weeks they underwent coronary angiography. 34 of them resulted with normal coronary arteries and 44 of them were diagnosed with one or multiple vessel CAD. Pressure rate double product was calculated in rest, in the first stage of the exercise test, in the peak of exercise, and also in the second, fourth, and sixth minutes of recovery of the stress test. Also, the ratios of pressure rate double product with the workload, which reflects the relative growth of double product to the workload, were calculated. The results were compared between the two groups, the one with normal coronary arteries, and those with abnormal coronary angiography. Results: DP in rest and in the first stage of the exercise are not significantly different for normotensive males with or without CAD, while the peak DB value of the exercise, as well as the econd and sixth minutes of the recovery are significantly lower for the group of patients with CAD. The starting peak workloads were significantly lower in the patients' group with CAD (p=0.0002 and p 0.0001). On the other hand, the double product to workload ratio at the first stage was significantly lower in males with normal blood pressure and CAD. Significant lower DPR are detected also in the fourth and sixth minutes of recovery. Conclusion: The values of DP in the peak exercise and at the second and sixth minutes of the recovery phase are significantly lower in normotensive males with abnormal coronary angiography compared to those with normal coronary arteries, and these findings can be used to detect the presence of CAD despite the ECG changes and they are not affected by the baseline characteristics of the patients. The ratios between DP and workload at the first stage, and in the fourth and sixth minutes of recovery are significantly lower in normotensive male patients with coronary artery disease compared to those without CAD and can be independent predictive parameters for the disease.
Aim: Disclosing coronary artery disease by analyzing the rates of systolic blood pressure response to workload during exercise stress test. Methods: 53 males with hypertension underwent exercise stress test on bicycle ergometer and coronary angiography within one month .rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads in the first stage peak exercise, second, fourth and sixth minute of recovery were analyzed and compared .Also basic characteristics of patients involved in the study were also analyzed. Results: All systolic blood pressure to workload rates during exercise and recovery resulted higher in males with coronary artery disease and hypertension compared with hypertension but no coronary artery disease. Conclusion: High levels of systolic blood pressure to workloads rates in males with hypertension reveal the diagnosis of coronary artery disease despite the ECG variations during exercise stress test and this are not influenced by other basic characteristics of the patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.