The purpose of this study is to determine the initial career choice of plastic surgery residents after completion of training during the last five years and to identify any factors that may influence choice of career path. Demographic data were obtained from graduates of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited US plastic surgery residency programs between the years of 2005 and 2010. The type of practice and pursuit of fellowship were recorded for each graduate. Sex, age at graduation, marital status, dependents, advanced degrees, previous research, type of training program, primary residency, and length of plastic surgery training were also documented. Comparison of outcomes between the two plastic surgery training pathways (integrated vs independent) was analyzed. Data were collected for 424 graduates from 37 different training programs. Of these programs, 11% were from the West coast, 32% from Midwest, 33% from East coast, and 24% from the South. Seventy-nine percent of residents were male, mean age at graduation was 35 (2.89) years. Forty-nine percent of residents were married, 30% had one or more dependents, 6% had advanced degrees, and 18% had previous research experience. Fifty-eight percent of graduates were from independent programs. Forty-eight percent of residents pursued private practice immediately after graduation, 8% pursued academic practice, 41% pursued specialty fellowships, and 3% had military commitments. Most of the residents chose to pursue private practice on completion of residency. Independent residents were significantly more likely to pursue private practice immediately compared to integrated/combined residents. No other factors were significant for practice choice.

Metabolic surgery was developed through the application and experience gained from bariatric or weight loss procedures. Much of our knowledge from the procedures comes from the study of animal models, where they have revealed anatomic feasibility, systemic physiological elements and cellular metabolic effects. The first generation of operation included the jejunoileal bypass and partial ileal bypass that led to the development of the current procedures including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, adjustable gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy. These operations carry significant metabolic benefits and can reduce the risk of diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Further insights from these animal models can reveal genetic, molecular and systemic effects that can enhance and develop the next generation of metabolic operations.

Genetic screening is an important tool to control, minimize, and prevent genetic disorders. Saudi Arabia started the first national premarital screening (PMS) program to control inherited hemoglobin (Hb) disorders that are the most commonly inherited genetic disorders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude among the Saudi population about the PMS program through a questionnaire-based survey. A total of 1,047 candidates were included, divided into three groups. Group A represented the general population, group B was composed of couples presenting for PMS, and group C represented couples who had received their results. There was a fair knowledge among participants of the three groups about the nature of the tests and the targeted disorders, with more than 80% believing that it should include both sexually and genetically transmitted diseases. The concept of genetic counseling was liked by most of the participants. There was a positive attitude toward the program and the majority agreed to apply the PMS program to all couples in all country regions. More than 60% of all the participants were in favor of preventing at-risk marriages.

This study showed some early benefits of the PMS in prevention of the targeted diseases and the program helped in early detection of the disease in their offspring.

Background: The authors sought to identify factors associated with current chiefs and chairpersons in academic plastic surgery to encourage and shape future leaders of tomorrow. Methods: Academic chairpersons in plastic surgery (n = 94) were identified through an Internet-based search of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited residency training programs during the year 2015. Sex, ethnicity, academic rank, board certification, time since certification, medical school attended, residency program attended, fellowships training, advanced degrees, obtaining leadership roles at trainee’s institution, and h-index were analyzed. Results: Of the 94 chiefs and chairpersons, 96 percent were male and 81 percent obtained full professor status, and 98 percent were certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery. Mean time since certification was 22 years (range, 7 to 45 years). Fifty-one percent graduated from 20 medical schools, whereas 42 percent graduated from only nine plastic surgery training programs. Fifty-six percent had pursued fellowship beyond their primary plastic surgery training. Eighteen percent had obtained advanced degrees. Twenty-nine percent of chiefs and chairpersons obtained leadership roles at the institution where they had completed plastic surgery training. The mean h-index was 17.6 (range, 1 to 63). Graduates of the nine most represented residency programs had a mean h-index of 21 versus 15 when compared with the remaining chief/chairpersons (p < 0.0062). Conclusion: Leaders in plastic surgery are more likely to be male, hold academic rank of professor, and have completed a fellowship after residency.

INTRODUCTIONLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an accepted technique in bariatric surgery for reducing obesity. Recent reports indicate it to be effective even in children but it has not been tried in very young children.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report here a case of a 2 and half years old child subjected to LSG for his morbid obesity and associated obstructive sleep apnea and bowing of legs. LSG was performed after investigations ruled out hereditary or genetic causes of obesity. The procedure was well tolerated without any complications and 2 months post surgery, the obstructive sleep apnea decreased substantially. The child was followed up for two years. At the last follow up BMI was drastically reduced from a pre surgical value of 41.1–24 kg/m2 at 24 months post surgery.DISCUSSIONPrior to our report the youngest child to undergo sleeve gastrectomy was 5 years old from Saudi Arabia. We observed LSG to be safe and effective in reducing obesity and related co morbidities in a two and half year's old child.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that LSG can be a safe and effective alternative for weight control in morbidly obese children even of less than 3 years of age. However more studies and long term follow up is essential for monitoring the growth and development of children subjected to LSG.