BackgroundTraditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recognized to injure the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) mucosa. For example, gastric mucosal hemorrhages can be caused by a single dose of 650 mg of aspirin. Nearly 30% to 50% of NSAID users showed endoscopic lesions including subepithelial hemorrhages, erosions, and ulcerations. These lesions are often asymptomatic and are mostly found in the gastric antrum. With the chronic exposure, the mucosa adapts to the aggression of the NSAIDs, whereby these lesions slowly lessen or fade.
Background: Cataracts are the main cause of visual impairment among the aging population, with a high impact on patients’ quality of life. It has been suggested that the antioxidant carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin may play a role in cataract prevention. Recently, significant evidence has associated abnormal glucose metabolism with an increased likelihood of the development of cataracts. Aim: The current study aims to assess the relationship between nutrition and cataracts among adults in the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted targeting all accessible patients diagnosed with cataracts at Aseer Central Hospital during the period from August 8, 2019, to March 3, 2021, and at Khamis Mushayt General Hospital during the period from June 11, 2018, to March 3, 2021. Data were collected using a pre-structured data collection sheet that covered patients’ socio-demographic data, including age, gender, education, work type, and marital status. Also, the type of cataract diagnosed for the study patients was recorded with associated risk factors of cataracts, including chronic diseases, trauma, eye surgery, and family history. The last section covered patients’ dietary habits and frequency of dietary intake. Results: A total of 140 patients with cataracts who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients' ages ranged from 21 to 65 years, with a mean age of 54.2 ± 12.9 years old. Additionally, 12.1% of the study patients were smokers, 44.3% were diagnosed with hypertension, and 45% were diabetic, which was type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among 36.5% and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 52.4%. A family history of congenital cataracts was reported among 12.9%, and 12.9% had a history of eye trauma. Moreover, 37.1% of the study patients had vegetables once per week. Eating fruits or having juice was reported as once per week among 40% of the study patients and three times per week among 20%. Finally, 31.4% take nutritional supplements or vitamins. Conclusion: There is currently an inquiry to endorse or exclude a specific diet or dietary intake that may reduce or even prevent the development and progression of cataracts. It appears beneficial for people to have some antioxidants in their daily food.
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa that is clinically associated with sinus pressure, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and a decreased sense of smell that lasts more than 12 weeks. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for medically refractory CRS is mainly undergone to improve sinus function and access to topical medicinal treatments. However, olfactory changes after ESS can be unpredictable. Aim The current study aimed to assess olfactory change patterns after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods A record-based retrospective study was conducted in Aseer Central Hospital (ACH) ear, nose, and throat outpatient (ENT OPD) department and Khamis Mushayt General Hospital from August 15, 2021, to December 15, 2021. Data were collected using pre-structured data extraction sheet to avoid errors. Data extracted and collected included patients’ biodemographic data, CRS-associated symptoms, and endoscopic surgery-related data, including duration since surgery, presurgical medications, and duration of surgery. Also, postsurgical complications were extracted, especially olfactory complications. Results A total of 168 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery in the Aseer region were included. Patient ages ranged from 10 to 61 years, with a mean age of 39.8 ± 12.4 years old. Regarding the associated symptoms and complaints of the study patients, 110 (65.5%) complained of sinusitis, and 86 (51.2%) had allergic RS. The postsurgical complications of patients with CRS who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery were olfactory dysfunction (OD) in 32 (19%), no complications in 115 (68.55%), and other nonspecific complications, such as headache, drowsiness, nose dryness, and bleeding, in 21 (12.55%). Also, 71 (42.3%) reported that they hardly perceive the fragrance in perfumeries. Conclusion In conclusion, olfactory impairment is a frequent clinical presentation in patients with CRS. In this study, olfactory dysfunction was improved, except among nearly one out of each five patients after ESS. Olfactory dysfunction was more among patients who had undergone recent surgery and those with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Also, among patients who reported no complications, olfactory function did not return to normal in most patients as they hardly perceive fragrance.
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a multi-systemic disease marked by hyperglycaemia, is becoming more common around the world. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known cause of many ophthalmic problems, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), macular oedema, cataract, refractive change, and micro-vascular paralytic strabismus. A significant public health effort has been made to create ocular screening regimens for diabetic patients, beginning at a young age. Aim: to assess the knowledge of diabetic children regarding the risk of ocular complications and prevalence of ocular complications among diabetic children. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used targeting all accessible diabetic children aged less than 18 years or their care givers in Aseer region. Data were collected from participants using an online pre-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the following data: participants’ socio-demographic data, diabetes related clinical data. The third part covered participants’ knowledge using multiple responses and mutually exclusive questions. The questionnaire was uploaded online using social media platforms by the researchers during the period from 17 November 2021 to 2 June 2022. All accessible and eligible population in the study setting were invited to fill in the attached tool. Results: A total of 499 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Exactly 275 (55.1%) were males and 224 (44.9%) were females. None of the sampled children had other co-morbidities. Exactly 188 (37.7%) children had been diagnosed with DM for 6-10 years, 179 (35.9%) diagnosed for 11-15 years while 43 (8.65%) were diagnosed for less than 5 years. About 88% of the study participants agreed that diabetes may cause eye-related complications, and 87.6% agreed that early detection of eye diseases associated with diabetes may reduce their complications. A total of 85.2% think that the annual visit to the ophthalmologist for diabetics is important. Good control of HbA1c as the best method to prevent diabetic eye complications was known by 67.3% of the study participants. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that diabetic eye complications among children were not frequent with poor diabetic control. Participants’ knowledge regarding diabetes eye related complications was on average especially for the significance of ophthalmologist visits and early detection of the disorders. Keywords: Diabetes, eye complications, children, care givers, knowledge, awareness, Saudi Arabia
Introduction Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection of the middle ear that produces pain, fever, and discharge, as well as hearing loss. It is one of the most common problems that pediatricians encounter. Almost 80% of children have had at least one episode of AOM, and between 80% and 90% have had at least one episode of otitis media with effusion before entering school. Methods The cross-sectional study is conducted among male and female patients, adults, and children who visited two of the largest government hospitals in the Aseer region in Southern Saudi Arabia (Aseer Central Hospital and Khamis Mushait General Hospital). The children and adults with AOM who visited the hospitals were traced by searching the medical record system by the keyword “acute otitis media.” Two authors extracted data from the medical record and patients. After extracting data, the patient will be called through mobile phone to invite them to participate in the study. If the patient agrees to participate, she/he would be sent through email link containing an encrypted and high-security electronic signature to obtain his/her consent. Conclusion One of the most common pediatric infections is otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear). Children are more often than adults to get otitis media, and the majority of cases are treated with antibiotics. Clinicians commonly miss the acute stage of the disease, especially in children under the age of five. Delay or omission of diagnoses leads to inefficient management and an increased risk of negative effects.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.