UreA is an important virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori that, along with UreB and UreC, produces urease. Urease enzyme helps the bacterium to colonize the human stomach through metabolizing urea in order to neutralize the gastric environment. The current study aimed to detect the prevalence of the H. pylori’s ureA virulence factor gene, and to investigate the influence of this gene on the result of the rapid urease test (RUT). Eighty stomach biopsy samples were isolated from participants who were suspected to be infected with H. pylori in Erbil city. Participants were 36 males and 44 females, aged between 18 and 67 years. The results showed that 42 (52.5%) of the participants were positive for H. pylori when tested by RUT, while 59 (73.8%) of the patients showed positive H. pylori infection when tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the PCR test based on the ureA gene revealed that 42 (52.5%) of the samples were positive. The important finding of this research is the presence of 100% compatibility between positive samples of RUT and ureA genes. It can be concluded from this study that a person may be infected with H. pylori, but the RUT test fails to detect the infection if the bacteria lack the ureA gene, indicating a direct impact of this gene on the result of RUT, which is a defect of RUT.
Public swimming pools, if not treated well could work as a reservoir of many microorganisms that cause infections among swimmers. Conjunctivitis is one of those common infections that resulted from microbial and non-microbial agents, microbial conjunctivitis caused by viral (mainly Human adenovirus HAdVs) and bacterial infections. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of microbial causative agents of swimming pool conjunctivitis and evaluating the swimming pools in terms of health and the extent of contamination in Erbil province. Eighty-eight specimens were isolated and identified from the swimmers showing signs and symptoms of swimming pool conjunctivitis from different public swimming pools in Erbil city from January to the end of February 2020. Sample identified using bacteriological methods, serology test, and nested PCR for detection of HAdVs. The swimmers samples consisted of 60 males and 28 females, and they were aged between 16-56 years. The obtained results showed that, out of 88 samples, 36 (40.91%) detected as a viral infection and 29 (32.95%) as bacterial infection, while, 23 (26.13%) showed no growth (non-microbial infection). Frequency of swimming pool conjunctivitis among male and female was 60 (68.2%) and 28 (31.8%) respectively. Depending on the obtained results, it can be concluded that conjunctivitis could result from viral, bacterial, and non-microbial agents, a viral infection is the main cause followed by a bacterial infection, also public swimming pools are not a safe place and swimmers are subjected to infection by different pathogens.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.