BACKGROUND: Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly used material in indirect pulp treatment (IPT). However, its drawbacks required its replacement by other materials. AIM: This study aims to estimate clinically and radiographically the success of indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars with either photo-activated oral disinfection (PAD) or calcium hydroxide. DESIGN: This Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial included 32 vital first permanent molars with deep caries that were treated by indirect pulp treatment with either PAD (group 1) or calcium hydroxide (group 2). Clinical and radiographic success in addition to newly-formed dentin thickness were evaluated regularly at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS: The success for both groups was 100% clinically and radiographically at all follow-up periods. Regarding the mean thickness of newly-formed dentin for both groups at different follow-up periods, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months, with P values = 0.825, 0.146, 0.280, and 0.400, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and radiographic success for indirect pulp treatment of young permanent molars with both PAD and calcium hydroxide were comparable.

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate vascular and neurosensory complications in edentulous patients following the installation of mandibular midline single implants in relation to lingual canals. Materials and methods After performing a cone beam computed tomography scan for the 50 recruited patients, the relationship between the potential implant site and the lingual canals was assessed, and all vascular and neurosensory complications were recorded. Results Six patients (12%) reported profuse bleeding during implant placement, and 13 (26%) reported transient neurosensory changes, which were resolved after 3 months. According to the virtual implant planning, 44 patients (88%) would have their implants touching the lingual canals, six of them reported vascular changes (14%), and 12 out of 44 patients reported neurosensory changes (27%). For the six patients who would have their implants not touching the lingual canals, one patient reported transient neurosensory changes. Conclusions The mandibular lingual canals are constant anatomic landmarks. Injury to the supra-spinosum lingual canals may occur during midline implant placement, depending on the implant length and the bone height. Clinical relevance Despite that injury to the supra-spinosum lingual canals during implant insertion does not result in permanent vascular or neurosensory complications, caution is required to avoid the perforation of the lingual cortices.

Introduction: Cone Beam Computed Tomography plays a major role in all specialties of maxillofacial region. This variability in applications necessitates variability in the available Field of View (FOV). However, large detector size might not be available in some machines. Stitching allows the fusion of 2 or more small volumes to form larger volumes. For that this study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements obtained from stitched CBCT images compared to direct real measurements. Methodology: Twenty four skulls with mandibles were recruited from Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Two radiopaque gutta percha markers were glued on each skull and mandible at the nasion and mental ridge (at mid line) respectively. Each skull fixed to its mandible was placed on the CBCT machine Planmeca Pro Max 3D Mid ® (Asentajankatu, Helsinki, Finland) in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department at Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. For real measurements, the distance between the two markers was measured using digital caliper. The resultant images were evaluated using Planmeca Romexis Viewer version 4.4.0.R (Asentajankatu, Helsinki, Finland) and the CBCT measurements were performed by two blinded observers. Results: The mean real measurement was 96.12 (±11.42) mm which was slightly greater than that of the CBCT measurement which is 95.43 (±11.39) mm. There was a good agreement between CBCT and real measurements. The level of inter-observer and intra-observer agreement is very strong regarding both real and CBCT measurements Conclusion: Linear measurements driven from Stitched CBCT images are accurate and reliable for diagnostic purposes in maxillofacial region.

Objective To evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically the effect of using two different coronal plug materials (NeoMTA versus Conventional White mineral trioxide aggregate) in revascularization of non-vital immature permanent anterior teeth, with special reference to the assessment and evaluation of discoloration potential over a period of one year. Methods Revascularization procedure was performed in (30) immature permanent non-vital anterior teeth which were randomly allocated to two equal groups (n = 15). NeoMTA was used as coronal plug material in the Experimental Group (N), while conventional White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) was used as a coronal plug material in the Control Group (W). All treated teeth were evaluated clinically at 1 week, 1, 3, and 12 months and radiographically at 12 months. Results The overall clinical and radiographic success rate of Groups (N) and (W) at the end of the 12-month follow-up period was 100%. The discoloration was detected in a single tooth (9.1%) in Group (N) and three teeth (27.3%) in Group (W) but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions Both NeoMTA and conventional WMTA were successful coronal plug materials in the revascularization of non-vital immature permanent teeth achieving a high level of clinical and radiographic success. NeoMTA is a promising coronal plug material that can be used for revascularization procedures in the esthetic zone as it showed less discoloration potential compared with conventional WMTA, however, there was no statistically significant difference between both materials.

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