Aim: the aim of this study was to compare the impact of silymarin on the liver fibrosis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) between both sexes of Wistar rats and proposing possible mechanisms.Main Methods: twenty-four Wistar male and twenty-four Wistar female rats were randomly assigned into 8 groups according to their sex (n=6) for administration of vehicle, DEN, silymarin or both DEN and silymarin for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the traditional rat body and liver weight parameters, liver injury biomarkers (serum ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin) were measured. Furthermore, hematological parameters, lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG) and oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH) were determined. Also, the inflammatory biomarkers in liver tissue homogenate (TNF-α, TGF-β) were evaluated. Histopathological subjective scoring system graded the damage markers of liver tissue. Expression of NF-kB was measured immunohistochemically.Results: Markedly diminished DEN induced liver fibrosis markers in female groups while worsened in male groups. Silymarin regimen improved liver functions and fibrosis markers. Additionally, it counteracted DEN-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammations, silymarin provided these ameliorative effects either in males or females rats. Conclusion: Silymarin plays an ameliorative role of DEN-induced liver fibrosis in male and female rats via reducing oxidative stress and inflammations.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and analyze chaotic and hyperchaotic conservative complex nonlinear systems. These systems appear in several branches of applied sciences. Lyapunov exponents are calculated to observe chaotic and hyperchaotic behaviors. The wide range of systems parameters at which chaotic and hyperchaotic solutions exist is calculated. The modules for complex variables are computed and plotted. The projections of chaotic and hyperchaotic solutions are shown in 3-spaces and 2-planes. The systems of this paper leave rooms for further studies in the near future, e.g. control and several types of synchronization of the solutions of these systems.

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This paper presents the design steps and carries a comparative study between three Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. The gains of the first PID are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA), named pid. In the second controller, the parameters setting of the Fractional Order PID controller are found using GA, named fopid. The pid and fopid controllers employ cost function that represents the Integral Squared Errors (ISE) to evaluate the controller gains. In the third controller, Multi-Objectives Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is reformulated to design Fractional Order PID Controller named Mfopid. The proposed controllers have been applied to a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) to control generator terminals voltage and better damping of Low Frequency Oscillation in Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) power system. In additional, power system stabilizer (PSS) control parameters are tuned with pid based ISE using GA to increase damping of power system Oscillations. The PSS control parameters remain constant during the design procedure of the two proposed fopid and Mfopid controllers. To show the effectiveness of the designed controllers, the obtained results are compared through sever disturbances with different operating conditions. Results evaluation show that the proposed Mfopid controller achieves good performance and is superior to the other controllers

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