Our study aimed to investigate the systemic and topical effect of xylitol on the bone Alkaline Phosphatase and the bone mineral density in rabbits at the healing site in femur bone postoperatively. Twenty-four healthy white male, New Zealand rabbits, will be taken from the same species; the same age, Weight, and circumstance were chosen in this study. The Weight ranges from (1.3-1.8) Kg and aged (6-8) months were used in this study ). All animals were submitted to operation in the femur bone region. The groove of 2mm diameter was drilled in the femur bone by using the heavy-duty dental engine. After the operation, the rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (8 rabbits/group); each group was subdivided into 2 experimental periods (14,28 days) four rabbits for each period as follows: Control group, n=8 (the hole was not filled by anything), locally treated group n=8 (xylitol powder was applied and condensed well in the hole) and systemically treated group n=8 (the hole was not filled by anything but the rabbits received orally of 1mg/kg of xylitol. Bone alkaline phosphates and radiological analysis were measured after 14 and 28 days, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between all groups (control and treated). Biochemical analysis for bone alkaline phosphatase showed a significant increase in bone Alkaline Phosphatase in the systemically treated group compared with the control one. The estimated bone healing by measuring the diameter of bone defect showed a highly significant difference in diameter in the bone defect at day 14 between the control group (36.0±0.05) in comparison with the treated local group and systemic treated group (39± 0.78) and (25± 0.90) respectively. Also, we found a significant difference between the local treated group (39± 0.78) and systemic treated group (25± 0.90) in diameter. Still, on day 28, there was no significant difference between the control group (28.0±0.55) and the local treated group in diameter in the bone defects. There were significant differences between the control and the local treated groups compared with the systemic treated group (24.0 ± 0.23) at p ≤0.05. This study concluded that xylitol was accelerating bone healing when used topically and systemically, and this was indicated by increasing the bone alkaline phosphates and bone mineral density in densitometric analysis.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of topical and systemic xylitol on osteoblast and osteoclast in the femoral bone of rabbits. Twenty-four healthy white male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. The groove of 2mm diameter will be made on proximal to the femur bone was drilled by the heavyduty dental engine. The rabbits were divided into three groups based on how the xylitol substance was applied; each group was then subdivided into two experimental periods (14,28 days), with four rabbits in each subgroup. Control groups received no xylitol therapy; locally treated groups received xylitol powder that was well condensed in the hole. Systemically treated groups received 1mg/kg of xylitol orally. After 14 days and 28 days, a histological investigation was performed to identify the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts at the defect bone. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between all groups (control and treated). Histological analysis for osteoblast and osteoclast showed a significant increase in osteoblast and osteoclast in the treated groups compared to the control group. The systemically treated group shows better results than the local treated and control group. This study concluded that xylitol improved bone healing when used topically and systemically, evidenced by an increase in the number of osteoblast and osteoclast at the site of the femoral bone defect.
Otitis media is an acute upper respiratory tract infection-related inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane, frequently affecting children. Typically, a subsequent bacterial infection complicates a viral infection, which ultimately causes the condition. The study aims to study the function of bacterial ear infections and its causes, as well as their resistance to medications, which was the focus of this investigation. The first axis of the research was the identification of bacterial isolates using recognized diagnostic tools, and the second axis was determining the antibiotic's resistance and sensitivity. Patients with otitis media were gathered from Al-Hakim General Hospital and Al-Sadr city hospital in Al-Najaf city between November 2020 and April 2021 for 100 clinical samples. More than 80 samples were found to be infected with bacteria. Bacterial strains found in this investigation are ( 30 ) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (20) isolates of Klebsiella spp, (20) isolates of Proteus spp, ( 15 ) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, (8) isolates Escherichia coli and (7) isolates Enterococcus fecalies. As part of this research, the disk diffusion method was used to assess how sensitive the test was. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to most antibiotics, particularly the penicillin family, cephalosporin, and trimethoprim, with the existence of isolates resistant to meropenem. The investigation results varied for the quinolone, aminoglycoside, and macrolide families. Klebsiella spp. were tested for antibiotic sensitivity and found to be resistant to most antibiotics, particularly those in the penicillin family, cephalosporins, and trimethoprim. Some quinolones, aminoglycosides, and macrolides are also resistant. Proteus spp were resistant to most antibiotics, particularly the penicillin family (except for augmentin, which had some sensitive isolates) and cephalosporin (except for cefdinir and cefepime) had some susceptible isolates) and trimethoprim, in addition to the presence of isolates resistant to meropenem. There is a discrepancy in the examination results for the quinolone family. The aminoglycoside family is also highly resistant. S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (except for augmentin, which some isolates were responsive to), trimethoprim, and quinolones, with the presence of isolates resistant to vancomycin. The macrolide class ( azithromycin) also has a significant resistance level. Escherichia coli is susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, and certain cephalosporin generations. Augmentin, cefepime, cephalothin, meropenem, imipenem, and azithromycin were ineffective against Enterococcus fecal. The conclusion is that Pseudomonas spp has a role in ear infections and the germs Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus fecalies. Penicillin and cephalosporin resistance was seen in the majority of the identified isolates. The existence of isolates of Proteus and Pseudomonas species resistant to meropenem. Vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are present. Keywords: Otitis media, Resistance antibiotic, S.aureus, P.aerginosa
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