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The root anatomy of 12 Amaranthus taxa (Amaranthaceae) was studied. The internal structures were evaluated as an anatomical character to clarify the taxonomic complexity in the genus. Transactions of young roots of the studied species showed no variations. While the old roots examination revealed differences in the products of the secondary thickening and their distribution, also differences in the anomalous cambium products were detected. Twelve characters with 26 character stats were used to generate anatomical key using the DELTA key-generating programs.ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.

Macro-and micro-morphological features of seeds and pollen grains of 12 endemic taxa belonging to seven families collected from Saint Catherine area, South Sinai, Egypt were examined by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Macro-and micro-morphological characters, of seeds including shape, colour, size, brightness, seed surface, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, and periclinal cell wall are presented. Pollen description includes shape, size, apertures and exine ornamentation. This study presents. Seeds of eight taxa and pollen of three taxa have been described for the first time in this study.

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A retrospective review was conducted on patients who had cervical cerclage performed because of suspected cervical incompetence over a 7-year period to assess the outcome of pregnancy and complications resulting from the cerclage. Other factors that could affect the outcome and complications were also assessed. Out of 196 patients who had the operation, 154 patients had adequate records available and therefore comprised the study population. There were 139 (90%) live births of which 76.6% weighed more than 2000 g. The outcome was not influenced by the experience of the surgeon, type of cerclage or the use of prophylactic antibiotics. There were no complications in 138 (90%) of the cases, and no cases of ruptured uterus, cervical lacerations and severe infections were encountered. The complications were seen more in multiple-order pregnancy and when the operation was performed as an emergency. The future role of cervical cerclage in the management of cervical incompetence in our community is discussed.