IntroductionA pterygium is a triangular fibrovascular subepithelial in growth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus onto the cornea. It typically develops in patients who have been living in hot climates; it may represent a response to ultraviolet exposure and possibly to other factors such as chronic surface dryness.1 The histopathology of it shows elastotic degeneration of the stromal collagen with subepithelial fibrovascular tissue.2 Due to sunlight exposure, pterygium is regarded as a public health problem in rural areas. Independent factors in the incidence of pterygium such as older age, male and the history of outdoor activities indicate the multi-factorial causes of pterygium.3 The prevalence of pterygia increases steadily with proximity to the equator. Regular and irregular astigmatism occurs in proportion to its size. A pigmented iron line (Stockerline) may be seen at the central anterior edge of the pterygium on the cornea when longstanding and stable. Excision is indicated if the pterygium approaches the visual axis, causing loss of vision from irregular astigmatism or in cases of considerable irritation.2 The type of Background and objective: A pterygium is a triangular fibrovascular subepithelial ingrowth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus onto the cornea. Excision is indicated if the pterygium approaches the visual axis, causing loss of vision from irregular astigmatism or in cases of considerable irritation. This study aimed to determine the percentage of astigmatism in patients presented with pterygium and measure the effect of size (width and height) of pterygium on a degree of astigmatism and indication of early surgery. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study using non-probability convenience sampling was conducted in the ophthalmology department of Rizgary and Erbil teaching hospital in Erbil city from June 2015 to February 2016. Ninety-six eyes of eighty patients with pterygium were included in this study. Results:The mean age ± SD of the 80 patients included in the study was 37.5 ± 9.62 years ranging from 22-58 years. There were 45 male and 35 female patients. Two-thirds of eyes (72.6%) had with-the-rule astigmatism while 12.6 % of eyes had against-the-rule astigmatism. A highly significant strong correlation was seen between a fraction of corneal area encroached by pterygium with induced astigmatism (r = 0.727, P <0.001). A highly significant strong correlation was found between the area of pterygium and corneal astigmatism in a case of severe pterygium (pterygium encroaching > 4 mm area on the cornea) (r = 0.802, P <0.001). Conclusion:Pterygium size has a significant correlation to the amount of induced astigmatism. The correlation is stronger in the pterygia of severe degree (>4 mm) as in this group they are encroaching on the visual axis.
Background and objective: Myopiais a common refractive error in the estimation of corneal barrier and well-beingof endothelial function, the central corneal thickness is important to manage corneal diseases. This study aimed to explore the relationship between central corneal thickness, axial length and myopia among a sample of patients in Erbil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to February 2016. Forty six emmetropes as a control group and 46 myopes were studied. Axial length was measured with A-scan ultrasound biometry and central corneal thickness with corneal topography. Central corneal thickness was correlated with myopia and axial length using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: This study included 92 patients. The mean age of myopes was 31.87 years and 33 years for emmetropes. Myopia ranged from -0.5 to -11 diopters. The mean central corneal thickness was 541.80 micrometers for myopes and 548.93 micrometersfor emmetropes. The mean axial length was 25.77 millimetersfor myopes and 24.37 millimetersfor emmetropes.The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of the central corneal thickness and myopia was -0.0245 (P =0.872), while that of the central corneal thickness and axial length in myopes was 0.035 (P = 0.566) and of the central corneal thickness and axial length in emmetropes was 0.26 (P = 0.091). Conclusion:There was no correlation between central corneal thickness, axial length and myopia.
Background and objectives: To evaluate the role of dorzolamide –timolol fixed combination in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery. Methods: The study included 94 eyes of 89 patients who underwent cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Patients planed for phacoemulsification were assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The treatment group received 1 drop of dorzolamide-timolol fixed combination immediately after surgery, and the control group received no treatment. The IOP was measured preoperatively and at 6 hours and 24 hours post- operatively. Results: The mean IOP change was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at 6 hours postoperatively. The difference between the mean IOP a value of the two groups at 6 hours postoperatively was found to be statistically significant. Twenty-four hours after the surgery, the mean IOP change was still higher in the control group when compared to the treatment group. Conclusions: The fixed combination dorzolamide-timolol can effectively lower IOP after phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.