Forecasting the Nile River flows is of vital interest for many African nations such as Sudan and Egypt. Any improvement in the forecast accuracy and/or the prediction horizon will have a significant influence on improving the water management in these nations. The idea of this research stems from previous studies that have identified that certain large scale climatic oscillations, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as being important factors in long-range hydro-climatic forecasting. The mechanism by which the Pacific ENSO is transmitted to the Nile basin hydrology is not fully understood, although its effects on the flow have been identified. In addition, other large-scale oceanic-atmospheric systems, such as those related to the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, may exert a significant influence on the climate of the Nile basin. Thus, other predictors need to be identified to find signals that may contribute to explaining the variability of the Nile River flows. The aim of this study is to further identify Oceanic regions and hydro-climatic variables of strong connection with the Nile Basin hydrology, particularly Nile River streamflows. The study will also focus on extending the prediction horizon beyond the previously used time scales.
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