Cross sectional study was conducted to estimate the sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticumin domestic chickens and to assess risk factors associated with the disease in commercial and local chickens in East Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 514 sera were collected (from187 commercial chickens and 327 local chickens) and tested using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against M. gallisepticum. The overall seroprevalence of M. gallisepticum was 49.4% (254/514). A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was observed in prevalence between chicken type with prevalence of 64.5% in local and 23% in commercial chickens. Variation in prevalence was observed among the three commercial farms, the highest being in farm-B (46.8%) and the lowest in farm-C (4.25%). Prevalence in local chickens was significantly highest in Lume (72.7%) and lowest in Ada'a (47.5%) (p<0.05). Age was significantly associated with sero-prevalence (p<0.05). Prevalence was 67.3% in layers of (18 to 76 weeks) and 0% in layer chicks of (1 to 8 weeks old). Prevalence was also significantly different between layers (41.7%) and broilers (7.8%) (p<0.05). In commercial chickens, prevalence was significantly higher in females (32.4%) than males (10.1%) (p<0.05). The current study revealed M. gallisepticum is prevalent in chicken in East Shewa, Ethiopia.
Dromedary camels are the main sources of milk, meat and income for the Ethiopian pastoralists as they withstand the harsh environments of the regions of the country. Tuberculosis (TB) affects dromedary camels causing morbidity and mortality in these animals. Hence, early diagnosis and identification of infected camels play a significant role in reducing the transmission of TB in camels. This study was conducted on 168 camels between October 2014 and July 2015 to evaluate the performance of single intra-dermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) to diagnose TB in camels. Gross pathology was used as a gold standard to define disease status of each camel. The result showed that at the cutoff value of ≥ 3 mm SICCT had optimum performance with sensitivity and specificity of 60.7 and 85%, respectively. Moreover, at a cutoff ≥ 3 mm, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) revealed area under the ROC curve was 0.729 (0.615-0.842) which is statistically significant (p = 0.000). Thus, the result of the present study could suggest the use of ≥ 3 mm cutoff value for the diagnosis of TB in dromedary camels in Ethiopia.
تعد دراسة السيرة النبوية واحدة من المواضيع التي تستدعي اهتمام مؤرخي وعلماء وفقهاء المسلمين لما لها من أساس في ترسيخ أصول الشريعة الإسلامية بحيث أصبحت دستور للمسلمين يتبعونه في كل مفاصل حياتهم اليومية . وانطلاقاً من هذه الأهمية يتوجب علينا ان ندرس التحديات التي المت بالمسلمين وشكلت في فترة من الفترات تهديد وجودي لكيان الأمة الإسلامية ،ومن اهم تلك التحديات(حروب الردة) التي شكلت منعطفاً جديداً لم يخطر ببال الرسول(r) وصحابته من بعده ان تظهر مثل هكذا حركة ذات طبيعية قلبية ودينية وسياسية في نفس الوقت امكن لها ان تحقق نتائج استوجب على المسلمين وضع حد لها . من هنا جاء اختيار موضوع (حروب الردة وأبعادها الدينية والسياسية) لكي نسلط الضوء على هذه الحركة والتي تناولتها مصادر ومراجع المسلمين بقدر كبير لكن استوجب لنا ان ندخل إلى هذا الموضوع من زاوية الأبعاد الدينية والسياسية لها.
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