Most of the road networks in Turkey pass through the Hilly region. These roads are constructed through inadequate blasting accompanied by road deterioration or collapse. To date, several researchers in Turkey have not paid adequate attention to the stability analysis of road failures based on the surface orientation of the dominant discontinuity sets. This study, based on the field survey, laboratory measurements, and the use of Dips analyst software, aims to investigate the stability and sustainability of seven different sites that exhibit imminent slope failure along the Konya-Alanya Road (KAR) segment. The sites selected are geologically investigated and geotechnically evaluated using a scan-line survey. We carried out several fields and laboratory measurements. Both Slope Mass Rating (SMR) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) are quantified and included with rock mass assessment of each slope site. Both the field and laboratory results are integrated by kinematic analysis methods to assess the potential failure of these slopes. The kinematic analysis results demonstrate that the dominant failure forms are planar, wedge, and toppling. RMRb results show that some slopes with good rock quality remain unstable and vulnerable to failure despite their fair RMRb values. While SMR results show that five of the seven sites are risky, thus, described as partly stable, and the other two are unstable. The results have also implications for the understanding of the causal factors for slope instability, include the discontinuities present in the rock mass, physical, environmental, and meteorological factors influencing them. This study concludes that urgent remedial measures for their long-term stability are recommended.
Road construction is mostly passed through mountainous regions or hilly terrains in Turkey like in all world. In hence, roadway construction and widening are being constructed through blasting and excavation, leading to rock slope instabilities and failures then poses threats to life and property. The reasons for failure sometime after construction are likely due to the deterioration of rock masses in cut slopes. However, slope instability and failures mainly occur due to adverse slope geomorphological complexities, joint discontinuities, weathering, man-made activities, unloading; and several induced factors such as seasonal heavy rainfall events, snow coverage, etc. The objectives of this paper are therefore to identify the most significant parameters influencing the behavior of cut slope rock masses with employing SMR ,and to perform a preliminary slope instability assessment along roadway D340-41.42, southwest of Turkey, where slopes located in a region of Taurus's rugged terrains with known complex geometry, then propose a suitable control measures to mitigate potential failures of rock slope stability. In this study, 19 rock cuts are selected based on the observed failure mechanisms, slope geometry and materials. A systematic site investigation incorporating relevant engineering geological and geotechnical parameters were carried out in detail. Based on slope instability observations and SMR results rating, concluded that these slopes were widely controlled by discontinuities (structurally controlled failures). As well, SMR classification scheme was successfully used for failure classification in Taurus's terrains. Finally, slope flattening with various angles method, wire mesh, toe support by detached rock blocks and drainage ditches redesign are proposed as a remedial measurement to protect road slope stability from failure.
This research aims to test the Suitability of Sandstone rocks taken from Injana formation in the Al-Shirqat region (Northern Iraq), as cladding stones for riverbank protection, where the Injana formation in addition to the quaternary sediments are mainly exposed in the study area. For this purpose, three stations were chosen representing the exposed study area where sandstone layers are located. Petro-physical examinations and mechanical geotechnical investigation are undertaken. The Petro-physical examinations showed that the absorption rate ranges between (1.13 - 1.16) %, and the dry density ranges between (1.75 - 1.82) g/cm3, while the Specific gravity ranged between (2.59 - 2.64). The mechanical properties results showed that the values of uniaxial compressive strength ranges between (7.97 - 12.28) MPa and mechanical abrasion (82.3 - 89.2) %, and the values of chemical abrasion ranged between (8.7-12.3) %. By comparing these properties with the National Center for Construction Laboratories and Research standards (NCCLR), It was found that they were within the limits of the standard except for the values of mechanical abrasion, it falls outside the specifications. Also, according to Florida Department of Transportation Standards (FDOT) that compared with, the properties of sandstone rocks are not suitable for cladding purposes because the property of mechanical abrasion falls outside the limits of the standard, and when comparing the properties of the Sandstone with American standards (ASTM), It turned out to be within the limits of the specification.
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