A novel potentiometric strategy based on functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and microparticles were compared with the classical potentiometric strategy. This strategy provided nano‐ and microsized particles that were highly dispersed and coated with ionophore and plasticizer to promote an in situ cooperative ion‐pairing interaction between the ionophore and the analyte present in inner solution of sensor membrane, compared to the classical technique. Three amlodipine (AML) sensors were constructed using functionalized nanoparticles in sensor 1; microparticles in sensor 2, as ionophores, and the polymeric membrane ionophoric property in sensor 3.
Molecular imprinting was developed as a method for selective adsorption. This makes molecular imprinting, a good option for elimination of different environmental interferents especially from wastewater. However, bio-polymeric adsorbents e.g. calcium alginate and chitosan-calcium alginate beads were used in wastewater treatment in different occasions, molecular imprints were found to be of superior elimination capacity than natural adsorbents. Conditions for optimum elimination were concluded to be 4 hrs shaking (150 rpm) at room temperature and pH 10 for 1 g alginate beads to eliminate 210 mg pesticide, pH 4 or 10 for 1 g chitosan-alginate beads to eliminate 480 and 1140 mg pesticide, respectively. However, with the same conditions at pH range 2-8, each gram of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) could be used in elimination of 3290-3760 mg pesticide, and 1 g of molecularly imprinted resin (MIR) could eliminate 3280-3320 mg pesticide, which increased with increasing the shaking time to one day.Also, resins, either alone or in combination with graphene oxide (GO) succeeded to act as a photocatalyst in chemical degradation of more than 65% of strobilurins under visible light, with high elimination capacity.
Fungicides of huge organic chemical structures may face some hindrance in passage across membranes of ion-selective electrodes. Thus, the invention of passages within the membrane matrix that selectively engulf these compounds, facilitating their transfer through the membrane. Carbonaceous materials of nanosized range showed superior ability in increasing ion transfer in comparison with carbon nanotubes. Their combination with acrylates-polymerized-cyclodextrin as ionophore, created two pathways for large organic molecules across the membrane. Application of both inventions in fabrication of three sensors using carbon nanotubes, graphene quantum dots, and nanographene oxide, enabled trace analysis of azoxystrobin fungicide in ranges (10-12 -10-5, 10-13 -10-4 and 10-13 -10-6 M), respectively, with high selectivity.
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