Background: Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri-implant diseases in nicotine-product users.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers.Materials and Methods: Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant-related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri-implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample-size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.Results: One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic-cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri-implant PI (P < .05) and PD (P < .05) were significantly higher among cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, and electronic-cigarette users compared with nonsmokers.Peri-implant BoP was more often manifested in nonsmokers compared with cigarette smokers (P < .05), waterpipe smokers (P < .05), and electronic-cigarette users (P < .05).The volume of collected PISF was significantly higher among cigarette (P < .05) and

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture loads of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) complete denture bases reinforced with glass-fiber mesh and orthopedic casting tape (OCT) in comparison to conventional PMMA dentures under artificial aging. Dental fiberglass framework (Group 1) and OCT (Group 2 and 3) reinforced PMMA acrylic dentures were fabricated on the edentulous ridge. Ten PMMA dentures without reinforcement (Group 4) were included as controls. All specimens were placed in a chewing simulator chamber, and fatigue load was applied. To assess the fracture loads, static loads with a universal testing machine were applied. Fractured specimens in each group were evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. The data were statistically analyzed employing analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc test. The association of denture weight and thickness on fracture load was assessed using Pearson and Spearman correlations. Dental fiberglass (Group 1) displayed the highest fracture load (692.33 ± 751.41 N), and Group 4 (control) exhibited the lowest fracture loads (281.41 ± 302.51 N). Dentures reinforced with fiberglass mesh framework exhibited intact fractures. In contrast, Group 2 and 3 specimens using OCT demonstrated ditching fractures. It was observed that the thickness and weight of all the reinforced specimens influenced the load required to fracture the dentures (p < 0.001). Denture specimens strengthened with OCT (Groups 2 and 3) exhibited failure loads lower than dental fiberglass (Group 1) specimens but higher than unreinforced controls.

This case aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the All‐on‐4 and the All‐on‐6 concept using three‐dimensional computer‐assisted treatment planning, and computer‐guided surgery. Two years after the treatment, the “All‐on‐4” and “All‐on‐6” concepts provided effective treatment for immediate restoration and showed predictable outcomes in a completely edentulous patient.

Various disinfecting agents showing variable success in disinfecting polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of sodium perborate (denture cleaning tablet-DC), microwave irradiation, and their combination for eradicating candida albicans (C. albicans) from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base polymer. One hundred and sixty-eight PMMA resin specimens (30 × 30 × 15 mm) were divided into four groups, including control (no disinfection), microwave disinfection in distilled water (MW-DW), sodium perborate with distilled water (DC-DW), and a combination of MW-DC-DW (n = 10). Biofilms of C. albicans were cultured on the PMMA resin denture base specimens for 96 h. The samples were exposed to three different antifungal regimes, i.e., MW, denture cleaning agent-sodium perborate (DC) and DW, and a combination of MW-DC-DW for 1 to 5 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate colony formation. The colony-forming units (CFU) among the experimental groups were assessed using ANOVA, a Kruskal–Wallis test, and a Mann–Whitney test. The mean CFU values were compared with the control for each disinfecting regime at 96 h growth time. For MW-DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 2 and 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p < 0.05). For the MW-DW treated group, the CFU were significantly low at 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p < 0.05). It was also found that for DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 5 minutes when compared with the control specimens (DW) (p < 0.05). Microwave disinfection in combination with sodium perborate is a more effective disinfecting regime against C. albicans than that of microwave disinfection and sodium perborate alone.

Computer software was used for implant planning and guided surgery. A provisional prosthesis was loaded on the day of surgery; the definitive prosthesis with a milled titanium framework was loaded one year later. There were no clinical or radiographic changes around the dental implants at two-years post- surgery.