Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known hazardous environmental contaminant. It exerts its toxicity through induction of lipid peroxidation and reduction of cellular antioxidant. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether cinnamon could protect against Cd toxicity in liver and kidney. Materials and methods: Forty male Wister rats (130-135 gm) were divided randomly into 4 groups/ 10 rats each. Control, cinnamon, cadmium, and Cinn+Cd groups received distilled water, cinnamon extract (200 mg/kg b.wt. orally), cadmium chloride (5 mg/kg b.wt. orally), and Cd plus cinnamon, respectively. Blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected after 8 weeks of treatment. Erythrogram, leukogram, liver and kidney functions, and oxidative status (MDA, CAT, and TAC) were determined. Results and discussion: Cd-treated animals showed significant increases in serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea indicating hepatic and renal damage. Cd-induced oxidative stress was observed by marked decease TAC accompanied by increase in MDA which contributed in liver and kidney dysfunction. Co-treatment of Cd with cinnamon has improved the oxidation profile by increasing the TAC and decreasing the lipid peroxidation. Cinnamon ameliorated the toxic effect of Cd, which observed by improvement of liver and kidney functions. Conclusion: High antioxidants content of cinnamon could protect the liver and kidney from Cd toxicity.
Background: Achilles tendinopathy is a common hindfoot disorder which affects both the active and non-active population. It can be classified as insertional and non-insertional tendinopathy. Insertinal acilles tendinopathy presents 20% to 25% of total Achilles tendon related disorders. Operative treatment in cases of failure of conservative treatment for 6 months in the form of open surgery and minimally invasive endoscopic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: In our study we had 15 patients with endoscopic treatment of insertional achilles tendinopathy with mean Pre-operative AOFAS hindfoot scale was 58.2 (36-80) and mean postoperative AOFAS hindfoot scale after 6 months was 86.53 (67-97) with P value.001 which showed significant improvement. Results: In our study there were two cases showed non improvement of pain and function postoperatively which maybe due to high BMI (35.05 and 33.44), they were have triple pathology in the form of (haglund deformity, retrocalcaneal bursitis and retrocalcaneal exostosis) and more Achilles tendon degeneration. There were no postoperative complications in the form of deep venous thrombosis, sural nerve injury, Achilles tendon rupture and wound infection but only 3 cases have postoperative scar tenderness. Conclusion: Endoscopic technique for treatment of insertional achilles tendinopathy seemed to be a safe and efficient as the open technique and has the advantage of small incisions with better cosmetic scar, early wightbearing which decrease the risk of deep venous thrombosis, less risk to weaken the Achilles tendon insertion that can cause tendon rupture, and also fewer wound complications such as dehiscence, painful or ugly scars, nerve entrapment within the scar and hypoesthesia.AAA
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