Introduction Clinical anatomy of the external ear canal (EEC) has a significant role in the diagnosis of Otitis Media (OM) and other auditory system diseases. OM is one of the most common infections and major causes of morbidity in adults if the complications of the OM take place. In the developing and low‐income countries, the OM has a direct and indirect role in their life, because it’s one of the causes leading to doctors’ visits, and the indirect costs may affect the families and economy. EC measurements are needed in daily life, as an example; in the ears plugs manufacturing. Method This study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan, this observational case‐control study. Informed consent was obtained from all‐volunteer participants enrolled in the study. From January 2015‐2018, temporal bone computed tomography (CT) images of volunteer patients and healthy subjects, were collected from Khartoum State. ImageJ software (V 1.52a), used in the measurement of EC; OsiriX image processing application for Mac (OsiriX Lite) to display images for the external ear area of the skull’s temporal bone, statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS V.22, and statistical software suite developed by SAS Institute (The SAS System V.9). The level of significance was set at P‐value <0.05. Chi‐Square test was used and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the power of straight length (SL) in predicting patient. Results In the cases the total number is 140 (patient 70 and healthy 70), with a range of 18–40 years, 52.9 % (n=74) of the patients were females and 47.1% (n=66) are males. The distribution of quantitative variables shows that the mean of the straight length (SL) is ±34.13, Standard Deviation (SD) ± 5.83, and the minimum and maximum SL are 11.33 and 47.00, respectively. Distribution of quantitative variables by a case in SL, shown that the patients mean ±32.69, SD ±6.58; and the healthy mean ±35.58 SD ±4.66, t ±3.106 and the P‐value <0.003. Distribution of SL by Gender shown that in male mean ±34.89, SD ±6.22, female mean ±33.45, SD ±5.42. Distribution of SL by Side shown that left side means ±34.14, and SD ±5.66, right side mean ± 34.12, and SD ±6.04. Conclusion If the straight length (SL) value is equal to 31.33 or less, the case sample is classified as an otitis media patient. There is a highly significant difference in the SL between male patients and healthy a p‐value <0.061 and between females’ patients and healthy as a p‐value<0.016. and significance differences comparing the patients and healthy groups with the gender, result shown that t =2.909 in males and females t=2,456.
IntroductionPlastination techniques no doubt it is as effective methods for preserving human tissue and enabling human body and specimens to be as anatomical models with much greater accuracy. Observe and experience human specimens in practical room settings should be beneficial to all medical and paramedical undergraduate and graduate students, to understanding the anatomical structures is critical to learning clinical and diagnosis skills.ObjectiveTo compare and evaluate between plastinated specimens methods, using a questionnaire to figure out its benefits and associated learning issues.MethodsUndergraduate medical students (84 students) from Gastrointestinal (36 students), Musculoskeletal (21 students), Cardiovascular (27 students) Blocks are filled out the questionnaire after they completed their practical sessions and using cadaver and plastinated specimens.ResultsFrom the medical students view the plastinated specimens and models useful for developing clinical skills (90.6%), strengthening their concept of diagnostic testing used in clinical assessment (93.9%), and learning clinical Gross‐anatomy (96%), and 65% of them prefer it more than traditional prosection, and about 85% of the students suggesting that Plastination specimens with cadaver would be more effective useful.ConclusionsPlastination of human specimens is a unique and effective approach that provides students with a learning experience. palpation skills, while using actual anatomical structures provides students with superior learning experiences and should be made more widely available in classroom settings.Support or Funding InformationNOThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Introduction Morphometry of the external ear canal (EEC) clinically essential and can lead to solve diagnostic dilemma of many disease affect the auditory system, as Otitis media (OM). OM continues to be one of the most common childhood infections and is a major cause of morbidity in children and adults if the OM complications occurs. Although OM is a leading cause of doctors’ visits by children, and the most frequent reason children consume antibiotics or undergo surgery in developed countries. In the USA the annual costs are about US $3–5 billion, but the true impact is probably underestimated because indirect costs might be substantially higher. EC measurement and shape are essential when designing many devices and comfort earplugs manufacturing to use in daily life. Method The Research Ethics Committee, at Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan, approved this an analytic observational case‐control study. Written informed consent obtained from all volunteer’s participants enrolled in the study. This study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki. Computed Tomography (CT) images of the temporal bones from volunteer patients and healthy subjects, were obtained from Khartoum State over a period of 3yrs (January 2015–2018). The study uses OsiriX image processing application for Mac (OsiriX Lite) to display images for the external ear area of the skull’s temporal bone, although for measurement of EC we used the ImageJ software (V 1.52a). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS V.22, and statistical software suite developed by SAS Institute (The SAS System V.9). Chi‐Square test was used and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the power of Curved length in predicting patient.The level of significance was set at P‐value <0.05. Results The number of cases is 140, with a range of 18–40 years, they are patient 70 and healthy 70, the percentage of cases as 52.9 % (n=74) of the patients were females and 47.1% (n=66) are males. The mean of the curved length (CL) is ±35.93, Standard Deviation (SD) ± 5.79, and the minimum and maximum CL is 12.00 and 46.67, respectively. Distribution of CL by case shown that the patients mean±34.49, SD ±6.46, healthy mean ±37.37 SD ±4.66, t ±3.003 and the P‐value <0.003. Distribution of CL by Gender shown that in male mean ±36.56, SD ±6.19, female mean ±35.37, SD ±5.4. Distribution of CL by Side shown that left side mean ±35.81, and SD ±5.73, right side mean ± 36.05, and SD ±5.9. Conclusion If the CL value is equal to 35 or less, the case sample is classified as an otitis media patient. There is a highly significance differences in the CL between male’s patient’s and healthy the p‐value <0.038, and between females’ patients and healthy as the p‐value<0.016. and no significance differences comparing the patients and healthy groups with the gender, result shown that t =2.120 in males and in females t=2,225.
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