We examined whether mutation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β genes contributes to their overexpression in canine vascular tumours. Genomic sequences of trans- or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β were analysed with immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing using DNA from paraffin-embedded neoplastic tissues of 27 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) and 20 hemangiomas (HAs). Immunohistochemically, 75% of the HA cases were positive for PDGFR-α and almost most of the HA cases were negative for PDGFR-β. Of the HSA cases, 55.6% were negative for PDGFR-α and 63% were strongly positive for PDGFR-β. Among the HA cases, 1 missense mutation was detected in PDGFR-α exon 18 and 1 in PDGFR-β exon 17. Two HSA cases had missense mutations in exon 14 and 1 in exon 17 of PDGFR-β. Thus, genomic mutation of trans- or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFRs was not the main mechanism driving the activation of receptors in HSA and HA.
Doxorubicin (DOX; Adricin) is an anthracycline antibiotic, which is an efficient anticancer chemotherapeutic agent that targets many types of adult and pediatric tumors, such as breast cancer, leukemia, and lymphomas. However, use of DOX is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. This study sequentially investigated the mechanistic pathways of the cardiotoxic process of DOX in rats at different post-treatment periods using cumulative dose, which is used in therapeutic regimes. In this regard, 56 male albino rats were used for the experiment. The experimental animals were divided into seven groups (n = 8/group) based on dose and sacrifice schedule as follows: G1 (2 mg/kg body weight [BW] and sacrificed at day 4), G2 (4 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 8), G3 (6 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 15), G4 (8 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 30), G5 (10 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 60), G6 (10 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 90), and G7 (10 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 120). As expected, G1, G2, and G3-treated groups revealed features of acute toxic myocarditis associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in myocytes, mitochondrial damage, elevation of cardiac biomarkers, and depletion of cellular antioxidant enzymes. However, these changes increased in severity with subsequent treatment with the same dose until reaching a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg BW for 30 d. Furthermore, after a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg BW with a withdrawal period of 2–3 months, various predominant changes in chronicity were reported, such as disorganization and atrophy of myocytes, condensation and atrophy of mitochondria, degranulation of mast cells, and fibrosis with occasional focal necrosis, indicating incomplete elimination of DOX and/or its metabolites. Altogether, these data provide interesting observations associated with the cardiotoxic process of DOX in rats that would help understand the accompanying changes underlying the major toxic effects of the drug. Future research is suggested to explore more about the dose-dependent mechanisms of such induced toxicity of DOX that would help determine the proper doses and understand the resulting cardiomyopathy.
Sixteen chickens' flocks and six ducks᾿ flocks were surveyed for presence of fowl cholera (FC) during the period from July 2013 to November 2016. A total of 81 freshly dead birds (51 chickens of average age 50 to 180 days and 30 ducks of average age 30-100 days) were received from different farms and house breeding in Dakahlia Governorate at Mansoura Laboratory of Animal Health Research Institute for further laboratory examination. FC was diagnosed based on case history, postmortem lesions, bacteriological isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), capsular typing, virulence factor detection (Tox A gene), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) were bacteriologically isolated from 22 chickens and 16 ducks. The infection occurred in 4 layer chickens flocks, 2 breeder flocks and 3 broiler flocks. Meanwhile, all affected flocks of ducks were broiler. Age susceptibility in chickens varied as the age ranged from 30-54 days in broiler flocks, 45-150 days in layer flocks during the rearing period and before start egg production, 70-150 days in breeder flocks during the rearing period. In ducks the susceptible age ranged from 30-100 days. The most affected cases of chickens were from farm housing and the most affected cases of ducks were from back yard housing. Mortality rate in chickens was 0.03 to 0.36 and in ducks was 33.3 to 46.6%. Main gross findings in affected chickens and ducks were corn meal liver, fibrinous perihepatitis and fibrinous pericarditis. Swollen hock joint and thickened foot pad were grossly detected in ducks only. The histopathological lesions in the infected ducks were more severe than those detected in the infected chickens that characterized by multiple granulomata in most examined organs. Therefore, the IHC positive reaction against antigen of P. multocida serotype A were more intensely stained and widely distributed in all examined organs of infected ducks than in chickens.
A total of 300 genital tracts of adult female sheep were obtained from Kafr-Elshiekh, El-Mahala and El-Basatein abattoirs. 112 cases(37.33%) showed lesions. Combinations of lesions in the examined genital tracts were more frequently seen than single lesions. The uterus was the most affected (27.3%) followed by the ovary (23%). Ovarian lesions were associated with 55 cases of uterine lesions followed by fallopian tube lesions in were found in 33 ewes(11%) and then cervical lesions in 22 ewes(7.3%) were present. Ovarian abnormalities were ovariobursal adhesions(11%), cystic ovaries(5 %), oophoritis (2%). The fallopian tubes abnormalities were(12%), adhesions (4.3%), salpingitis (3%), cystic fallopian tube (1.66%), hydrosalpinx (1%), pyosalpinx (0.66%), fallopian tubes occlusion(0.33%), squmous metaplasia (0.33%), and pachsalpinx (0.66%).The uterine abnormalities were usually associated with ovarian lesions. The most common uterine lesions were cystic endometrial hyperplasia found in 9% followed by endometritis in 8.3%. Catarrhal endometritis was the most common type of uterine inflammation followed by suppurative and least common was the granulomatous inflammation. Incidence of cervical lesions were the lowest and mostly were inflammatory lesions. Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was also recorded for the first time in ewe.
Aflatoxins, toxic metabolic by-products produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, are unavoidable food contaminant and reducing their toxicity in animals is of great interest. The potential of licorice which exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was evaluated for alleviating the AFB1-induced (Aflatoxin B1) hepatotoxicity in rat. Four experimental groups were used, each comprising 5 rats; control group (G1), licorice-received group (G2) (300mg/kg b.w intragastric daily for 7 days), AFB1-treated group (G3) (5 mg/kg b.w. one dose intrapretonial), and a group given licorice 7 days before AFB1 intoxication (G4) 24 hours later, the animals sacrificed. The activities of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in rat serum as well as histopathological examination of liver. Results revealed the following: AFB1 significantly elevated the serum ALT, AST and the liver showed diffuse necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, congestion of the central vein and portal mononuclear cells infiltrations. Rats received licorice before AFB1, showed a significant amelioration in serum enzymes and improvement in liver tissues architecture. In conclusion, licorice was found to be safe and successful agent counteracting the toxicity induced by AFB1 in the liver of rat.
Toxic effect of malathion in Tilapia nilotica fish after short (one month) and long (5 months) term exposure as well as reversibility of the lesions were investigated. The result showed malthion has adverse effect on all vital organs of T. nilotica fish at both levels of exposure. Necrobiotic changes in the parenchyma of liver, kidney and heart Lamellar hyperplasia with lamellar fusion in gills and neuronal injuries and edema were all detected. Most of the lesions observed have been almost completely disappeared by 4weeks of withdrawal of malathion but the brain still showed focal subependymal edema accompanied with neuronal injury and edema of the nerve tract.
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