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The processing of faba beans generates great quantities of hulls, which are high in bioactive compounds with demonstrated radical-inhibiting properties. There is no research on the impact of using faba bean hull nanoparticles (FBH-NPs) to improve the quality and extend the shelf-life of beef products. Hence, the target of this investigation was to assess the inhibiting influence of adding FBH-NPs at two different concentrations (1 and 1.5%) on the physical attributes, lipid and protein oxidation, colour degradation, and microbiological safety of burgers during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C/12 days). The FBH-NPs presented great phenolic content (103.14 ± 0.98 mg GAE/g dw) and antioxidant potential. The water holding capacity and cooking properties in burgers including FBH-NPs were improved during storage. The FBH-NPs significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the reduction rate of redness and lightness during the burger refrigerated storage and the FBH-NPs were more beneficial in preventing cold burger discolouration. In the FBH-NPs-treated burgers, peroxide values, TBARS, and protein carbonyl content were lower than in the control (up to 12 days). The microbiological load of burgers including FBH-NPs was lower than the load of the control during refrigerated storage. The findings revealed that FBH-NPs were more efficient in enhancing the cooking characteristics, retarding lipid or protein oxidation, preventing colour detrition and improving the microbial safety of burgers.

The huge available bandwidth in Terahertz (THz) frequency band is recently contemplated to achieve high data rate wireless communications. Consequently, THz communications are attractive candidates to fulfill the continuous ever-increasing requirements of future wireless networks. Numerous beyond 5G applications are highly considered for those systems such as high capacity backhaul, enhanced hotspot booths as well as short-range device-to-device (D2D) communications. Wireless communications systems that deploy unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) promise to achieve cost-effective wireless connectivity for devices without any need to pay for infrastructure coverage. When compared to terrestrial communications, wireless systems with UAVs are generally faster and more flexible to deploy or reconfigure. In addition, systems deploying UAVs are likely to have much better communication channels due to their high mobility capabilities. Accordingly, the presence of short-range line-of-sight (LOS) links prevail. In this paper, we consider a single-cell cellular network with a UAV deployed as a decode-and-forward (DF) relay in the full-duplex (FD) mode in order to assist a base station (BS) and extend its coverage over THz channel. A joint power allocation and trajectory optimization scheme that minimizes the outage probability of the link between the BS and a mobile device (MD) is derived in the presence of the interference of the D2D devices that share the same THz frequency band. Furthermore, the optimum powers of the MD and the UAV that maximize the achievable rate at the BS are obtained. The performance of the proposed schemes is compared with the fixed power allocation schemes which distribute the power equally among users. Numerical results show that the outage probability and the achievable rate at the BS using the proposed schemes are remarkably superior compared to the fixed power allocation schemes.

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