Objective:Objective: Objective: Objective: To evaluate whether the correction of the axial inclination of retroclined maxillary incisors in Class II division 2 cases might affect the pharyngeal airway size and volume using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and the Invivo Dental software (Anatomage). Materials and Methods:Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult male Class II division 2 subjects were enrolled in this study (mean age 23.83 ± 3.67 years). Two CBCT scans were obtained for each subject; pretreatment and after completion of the maxillary arch leveling only. The pretreatment and post-leveling pharyngeal air way mean values (size and volume) were compared using the paired sample t-test. Results:Results: Results: Results: The results showed statistically significant increase (P≤0.05) in all oropharyngeal airway measurements following maxillary dental arch leveling. There has been 9.53% ±1.45% raise in the oropharygeal airway volume. In addition the analyses of the pretreatment and post-leveling mandibular measurements revealed high statistically significant changes (P≤ 0.001) as follows: SNB angle increased, and FH-Mn Pl and Y axis-FH angles decreased, following the leveling of upper anteriors.Volume 45 -June 2014 airway size and volume. This might be attributed to the anterior mandibular repositioning following the correction of upper incisors retroclination.These findings are of valuable clinical importance, especially in cases of Class II division 2 with breathing problems due to pharyngeal constrictions.
This in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate enamel color changes associated with the use of a highly-filled, fluoridereleasing enamel sealant (Proseal). A sample of 60 freshly extracted premolar teeth were collected according to clear selection criteria. The teeth were randomly divided into a control and three experimental groups.Brackets were bonded to the teeth using Transbond XT composite paste in only two of the experimental groups after conditioning the whole buccal surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. In Group I, Transbond XT primer was applied to the etched enamel surface while Proseal enamel sealant was applied in Group II. In Group III, Proseal enamel sealant was applied to the etched enamel surface with no bracket bonding. The samples were then subjected to a staining and photo aging protocol in an attempt to simulate the oral environment. In groups I and II, brackets were debonded and then the enamel surface was finished and polished using a 12-fluted carbide burs on low speed followed by rubber cup and polishing paste. Samples in Group III and the control group received only enamel polishing. Enamel color was spectrophotometrically evaluated at three intervals; at baseline (T0), following debonding and finishing (T1), and after resubjecting the samples to the same staining and photo aging protocol (T3). CIE L*, a*, b* order system was used for color quantification and color differences (∆E) were calculated.
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