Egg storage longer than 7 days is associated with negative effects on hatchability traits. Pre-storage incubation has been a suggested method to reduce the negative effects of long-term storage times by enhancing the developmental stage of the embryo and probably reducing the embryonic stress. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of pre-storage incubation and storage time on hatchability characteristics, chick quality and serum thyroid hormones, antioxidative properties and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) concentrations of newly hatched chicks at two breeder flock ages. A total of 8000 fertile eggs were obtained from two different ages of chicken breeder hens (Egyptian local cross, Inshas). Half of the eggs were collected from young breeder hens (28 weeks old) and the other half from old breeder hens (50 weeks old). In each breeder flock age, eggs were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two storage periods (4 or 14 days) and four pre-storage incubation durations (0, 4, 6 or 8 h at 37.5°C). At 28 and 50 weeks of age, pre-storage incubation and its interaction with storage period influenced significantly the apparent fertility, hatchability of set eggs and hatchability of fertile eggs and this improvement in hatchability is attributed to the reduction in embryonic mortality (early, intermediate and late). Pre-storage incubation for 6 or 8 h elevated significantly the grade A chicks and reduced the grade B chicks in comparison with non-heated controls. Interestingly, for eggs stored for 14 days, pre-storage incubation for 6 or 8 h enhanced serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity and IgY concentrations significantly and decreased serum malondialdehyde concentration significantly in the newly hatched chicks. It could be concluded that pre-storage incubation enhanced the hatching results, improved the antioxidative properties, reduced lipid peroxidation and elevated the humoral immunity in the newly hatched chicks. Hence, several benefits might be gained by pre-storage incubation when fertilized eggs will be stored for long periods.
A completely random experiment was conducted to evaluate onion and moringa seed oils or their mixture under climate summer conditions on growth performance, carcass traits, rectal temperature, respiration rate, blood biochemistry, digestibility coefficients, and economic efficiency of growing rabbits, from June, to August, 2015.A total of 108 Bauscat rabbits, weaned at 5 weeks of age with an average initial body weight of 528.80 ± 1.49,g were randomly distributed into four experimental treatments (27 rabbits/ each) and each treatment was sub-divided four 3 replicates of nine rabbits each. Rabbits were fed the basal diet either un supplemented or supplemented with 1g onion seed oil/Kg diet, or 1gmoringaseed oil/Kg diet and their combination 0.5 g onion seed oil + 0.5 g moringa oil/Kg diet throughout the whole experimental period which lasted for 3 months. The experimental basal diet was isonitrogenous (CP=17.0 %) and isocaloric (2536 Kcal/Kg DE).Results obtained showed thatthe percentages of total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) in moringa oil (23.88%) were higher than in onion oil (8.71%). Moringa oil contains a high level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUSFAs) especially oleic acid (71.43%) than onion oil (8.71%). Total unsaturated fatty acids (TUSFAs), especially PUSFAs (linoleic) in onion oil were higher than that in moringa oil .Under the high ambient temperatures final body weight, daily gain and total gain of growing rabbits were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased and feed conversion values were improved with dietary supplementation with either moringa oil or onion oil and their mixture compared with those of the control group from 5-17 weeks of age. However, feed intake and viability rate were not significantly influenced by experimental dietary
This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different level of restricted feed with different forms of zinc(Zn) on productive performance, egg quality traits and economic efficiency of Mandarah (Egyptian local developed strain) laying hens. A total number of 270 laying hens + 27 cocks, 24 weeks old were randomly taken to be similar in (1228.0 ±44.0 g) in the study. Birds were randomly divided into nine experimental groups,(30 hens + 3 cocks in each group) and each group was contained three replicates (10 hens+ 1 cock / replicate). The experimental groups involved a3x3factorial arrangement, 3 zinc forms (control, organic zinc and Nano-Zn) and 3 levels of restricted system groups (ad libitum, 90 % and 80 % / hen / day) were fed a balanced basal diet without supplemented zinc as a control or supplemented with 50 mg Nano -zinc /Kg diet or 50 mg zinc from zinc methionine /Kg diet, respectively),during the experimental period lasted six month.The obtained results showed that laying hens fed ad libitum / hen /day and 50mg Nano-Zn/Kg diet recorded the highest (P<.01) for egg production( %), egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion / eggs and body weight compared with the control and other groups.Dietary Nano-Zn increased significantly total body weight change, egg production (%); egg mass and improve feed conversion / eggs, most of egg quality.Receiving 90% feed/ hen/day recorded the best of economic efficiency. The best value of net revenue and economic efficiency of laying feeding 90% hen / day and supplemented organic zinc.Conclusively, feeding restricted system at level of 90% and dietary 1018 WESAM IBRAHIM et .al recommended to improve productive performance traits, egg quality parameters and economic efficiency of Mandarah laying hens.
A total number of 198 Silver Montazah strain birds (180 hens and 18 cocks) 24-wks-old were used in this experiment up to 36 wks. of age was divided into two experimental groups (90 hens and 9 cocks per each group). The birds of the 1 st group were individually weighed and randomly divided into 3 equal treatments (30 hens and 3 cocks in each) with three replicates (10 hens and 1 cock in each) with almost similar initial average body weight. Replicates were randomly housed in floor pens (280 cm long x 220 cm wide). The 1 st group of birds (90 hens and 9 cocks) was divided to 3 treatment groups, the 1 st treatment group was fed the basal diet without supplementation and served as control (T1), the 2 nd and 3 rd treatment groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 8.25 and 11.00 mg pyridoxine/kg diet (T2 and T3), respectively. At the end of the experiment (36 wks. of age), a total number of 300 hatching eggs were collected from experimental groups (100 eggs in each treatment). At the same time (36 wks. of age), the second 300 hatching eggs were collected from the same breeder flock fed the basal diet without supplementation and incubated. At the 18 th day of incubation, 300 eggs were divided into three treatment groups (100 eggs in each). The 4 th treatment group was injection with 0.2 ml saline solution (T4). The 5 th and 6 th treatment groups were injected into amniotic sac through the air sac with 300 and 400µg pyridoxine, respectively. The results obtained could be summarized as follow: Results showed significant (P≤0.05) differences among treated groups in 136 MOUSA et al. embryonic mortality, hatchability percentage, chick weight and chick quality at hatch. The best values of embryonic mortality, hatchability percentage and chick weight at hatch were recorded by pyridoxine injection at different doses compared with either un-supplemented or un-injected pyridoxine treatments which recorded the worst values. The best (P≤0.05) values of percentage of grade A chicks were recorded by pyridoxine injection at different doses treatments when compared with other treated groups. The highest (P≤0.05) values of plasma total protein, globulin, calcium, phosphorus , T3 and T4 concentrations and albumin/globulin ratio of chicks at hatch day were recorded by pyridoxine injection, especially at the high level (400 µg) when compared with either supplemented or un-injected pyridoxine groups. In conclusion, in-ovo injection of pyridoxine at level 400µg to laying eggs at 18 days of incubation may be a practical and beneficial procedure for improving the hatchability traits and the early post hatch physiological responses as indicated with better blood biochemical and metabolic hormones expression.
n experiment was conducted for a period of 9 wks. to investigate the effect of adding some antioxidants to diet contain fatty acids on growth performance, some physiological and hematological parameters as well as evaluating the carcass characteristics of Silver Montazah male chicks. For this purpose 315 five-weeks old Silver Montazah (SM) males were used up to 14 wks. of age. All chicks were randomly divided into seven equal groups (45 chicks, each) with three replicates (15 chicks each). Chicks were wing banded and individually weighed, with nearly similar average initial live body weight of all groups. The 1 st group was fed the basal diet that contained Linoleic acid (n-6) and Linolenic acid (n-3) at the ratio of 4:1, respectively and served as control. The 2 nd and 3 rd groups were fed the basal control diet supplemented with 125 and 250g Butylated Hydroxy Toluene/Ton diet, respectively. The 4 th and 5 th groups were fed the basal control diet supplemented with 100 and 200g vit. E /Ton diet, respectively. The 6 th and 7 th groups were fed the basal control diet supplemented with 5 and 10kg citric acid /Ton diet, respectively. Results indicated that dietary antioxidants supplementation especially citric acid at the two studied levels and vit. E (200 g/Ton) significantly (P≤0.01) increased live body weight at 9 and 14 wks. of age, body weight gain during the periods of 5-9 and 5-14 wks. of age, and improved feed conversion ratio during the periods of 5-9 and 5-14 wks of age compared to the control group. Moreover, significant increases were obtained for red blood cells (RBC's) and plasma total protein and globulin concentrations for groups fed diet supplemented with antioxidants compared with the control group. Conversely, significant lower heterophils/ lymphocytes ratio and plasma concentration of total lipid, cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with supplemental antioxidants. Relative weights of liver and spleen of SM males were increased with antioxidants supplementation. In conclusion, for attaining the goal of economic improvement of meat production from local strain of chicken (SM) in Egypt. Dietary supplemental of antioxidants to feed containing fatty acids is practical application especially by 5 and 10kg citric acid and 200g vit. E /Ton diet to SM male chicks, could promoted the growth performance and had beneficial effects on some physiological and hematological parameters, as well as adjusted the carcass characteristics and immune status.
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