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The productivity of many hydrocarbon-bearing formations appears to be reduced during water flooding operations. The reason for this reduction is mainly attributed to the permeability damage of the formation surrounding the bore hole.

In this research, iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a new hydrothermal pyrolysis technique at different reaction times. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) characterization showed that the nanoparticles have high crystallinity with a combination of two crystal phases maghemite and magnetite, as the reaction time increase the ratio of magnetite phase to maghemite phase increased. The morphological properties of the samples showed an increase in the particle size from 58 to 108 nm due to the single domain–multidomain transition as showed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra showed only peaks of oxygen and iron that verified the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the absorption peaks at about 578 cm-1 and 630 cm-1 correspond to the stretching modes of the Fe-O in magnetite, as the reaction time increased the peak around 630 cm-1 decreased due to the magnetite phase only. Finally, all the results showed the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles by this new technique that merges spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal techniques with many advantages such as spraying successive parameters in a short time, high-speed, good homogeneity, and pure material with small particle size.

Zinc oxide Nanopowder was synthesized through a hydrothermal method in this study. The effect of three different NaOH concentrations on the properties of ZnO Nanopowder was studied. The hexagonal wurtzite structure of all ZnO Nanopowder is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, with average crystallite sizes in the range of (33.5–30.4) nm. It can be observed that the crystallite size become smaller with increasing NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicates that ZnO has hexagonal shape uniform particle size distribution and their morphology was grain-like. Atomic force microscope shows that the ZnO Nanopowder average surface roughness decreased from (9.33–5.06) nm due to increasing NaOH concentration. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peaks indicate successful preparation of ZnO Nanopowder. From the optical absorption spectra the band gap energy has been calculated. The NaOH concentrations have been found very effective on the energy gap value. So, its increased from (3.27 to 3.36) eV when the NaOH concentration is increased. ZnO Nanopowder shows high antibacterial activity against P.aeuruginosa and S. aureus bacteria. The ZnO Nanopowder shows has very high antibacterial activity on gram-positive (S. aureus) compared with antibacterial activity on the gram-negative (P.aeuruginosa) bacteria.