This study presents the effects of adding some provisions to a portable photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system to obtain both DC and ac sources. An efficient ac high-speed fan was powered from this system to cool the PV module for reducing its power loss because of a temperature rise. A DC electrocoagulation (EC) cell was powered from the active PV system to treat real dairy wastewater. The results revealed that about 5 % loss in maximum power output of the PV module at 25°C was avoided by the added provisions while the EC cell efficiently treated the tested wastewater. For this wastewater, the maximum removal efficiencies of turbidity, suspended pollutants, and chemical oxygen demand were 97, 62, and 72.5 %, respectively. The cell effluent complied with the Egyptian requirements for discharge on public sewer system. This work indicates the technical feasibility of raising the efficiency of PV modules while producing both ac and DC sources.
This study assesses the effect of using two nanofluids; composed of Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) which is a metalic oxide and Red Clay Brick Waste (RCBW) containing over 60% SiO2 a nonmetalic oxide nanoparticles in ordinary water upon the performance of a basin solar still. An increase in the still productivity was observed for both the tested nanomaterials while the gain achieved with Fe2O3 exceeded that for RCBW at all the concentrations used. For both materials, the rise in concentration adds to the still yield which reached its maximum values; 11% and 9.5% for Fe2O3 and RCBW respectively at 0.01 vol % then a depletion in the still yield was recorded with additional increase in concentration. The operation of the tested solar still is intermittent as the basin fluid is kept stationary during offshine sun hours. This leads to a continuous decrease in the still productivity over its operating period due to the loose of nanofluid stability causing aggregation ,clustering and gravity aided sedimentation of the nanoparticles. These effects negatively affect the optical and heat transfer characteristics of the nanofluid suspension which determines the rate of vaporization and condensation of water in the still. Over 70% depletion in the still yield relative to that obtained in the first day of operation was recorded in the third day of operation for Fe2O3 nanofluids while four consecutive days of operation were needed for RCBW nanofluids to cause the similar effect. The negative effects of intermittent operation of the solar still containing nanofluids were more pronounced at higher nanoparticles concentrations. Current experimental research reveals that, ferric Oxide (Fe2O3) and Red Clay Brick Waste (RCBW) containing over 60% SiO2 a nonmetalic oxide nanoparticles in ordinary water upon the performance of a basin solar still can improve the water distillation rate up to 25%-30% compared to the same ordinary distillation conditions.
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