The objective of our study is to determine the surgical outcome, effectiveness and the complications of computer tomography guided drainage of pancreatic abscesses. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Period: Three years from November 2012 to October 2015. Methods: The patient population consisted of all those patients who were diagnosed as a case of pancreatic abscess both clinically and on radiographic analysis, and who had to have the computer tomography guided percutaneous drainage of the abscess. The drained fluid was sent for histopathologic and cytological analysis, and a drain was placed in the pancreatic tissue for further collection of the discharge material. Patients were followed for up to 40 days post operatively, and various complications were noted. Results: The patient population consisted of n=550 patients of acute pancreatitis, out of which n=30 (5.45%) were diagnosed cases of pancreatic abscess, out of these patients n=5 (16.67%) were males and n=25 (83.33%) were females, and the mean age of patients was 44 +/-11 years. In n=24 (80%) of patients the abscess resolved completely in 20 to 40 days. N=5 (20%) of patients had complications and had to undergo laparotomy. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the computer tomographic guided drainage of the pancreatic abscess is a very safe and effective procedure for the treatment of pancreatic abscess. The rate of complications is low, and patients show swift recovery post operatively.
Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, and the extent of its compaction must be modulated to allow several biological processes such as gene transcription. The regulatory elements of expressed genes are typically in relatively accessible chromatin, and several studies have revealed a reliable correlation between the abundance of mRNA transcripts and the degree of DNA accessibility at the regulatory elements of their coding genes. In consequence, the genome-wide profiling of DNA accessibility by methods such as ATAC-seq can help in the study of gene regulatory networks by serving as a proxy for gene expression and by helping identify important gene cis-regulatory elements and the trans-acting factors that bind them. The predominant approach used to identify differentially accessible genomic loci from ATAC-seq data obtained in two conditions of interest is comparable to that employed in RNA-seq gene expression profiling studies: accessible regions are identified through peak calling and treated like "genes", then sequenced DNA fragments (originating from two neighboring transposase integration events) that overlap them are counted and subjected to abundance modeling, which then allows to identify those that have a significant difference between the two conditions. We reasoned that this approach could be improved in terms of sensitivity and resolution by introducing two changes: bypassing peak calling, using instead a genome-wide sliding window quantification approach, and counting transposase integration sites, instead of fragments originating from two neighboring integration sites. We present the development of this approach, which we term "widaR", for Window- and Insertion-based Differential Accessibility in R, using a murine skeletal myoblast differentiation dataset. Reproducible R code is provided.
Objectives: The objective of our study is to determine the surgical outcome,effectiveness and the complications of computer tomography guided drainage of pancreaticabscesses. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Tertiary care hospital in KarachiPakistan. Period: Three years from November 2012 to October 2015. Methods: The patientpopulation consisted of all those patients who were diagnosed as a case of pancreatic abscessboth clinically and on radiographic analysis, and who had to have the computer tomographyguided percutaneous drainage of the abscess. The drained fluid was sent for histopathologicand cytological analysis, and a drain was placed in the pancreatic tissue for further collectionof the discharge material. Patients were followed for up to 40 days post operatively, and variouscomplications were noted. Results: The patient population consisted of n=550 patients ofacute pancreatitis, out of which n=30 (5.45%) were diagnosed cases of pancreatic abscess, outof these patients n=5 (16.67%) were males and n=25 (83.33%) were females, and the meanage of patients was 44 +/- 11 years. In n=24 (80%) of patients the abscess resolved completelyin 20 to 40 days. N=5 (20%) of patients had complications and had to undergo laparotomy.Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the computer tomographic guided drainageof the pancreatic abscess is a very safe and effective procedure for the treatment of pancreaticabscess. The rate of complications is low, and patients show swift recovery post operatively.
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